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首页> 外文会议>Air and Waste Management Association annual conference and exhibition >Analysis of Ozone, Particulate Matter and Precipitation pH Variability within the Wood Buffalo Regional Municipality
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Analysis of Ozone, Particulate Matter and Precipitation pH Variability within the Wood Buffalo Regional Municipality

机译：布法罗地区自治市内的臭氧，颗粒物和降水pH值变化的分析

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The effects of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions on ozone (O_3) concentration and regional precipitation pH have not been extensively examined within the Wood Buffalo Regional Municipality (WBRM); the location of Alberta, Canada's oil sands industry. This study examined the diμmal and annual concentrations of O_3, and NO_x, together with the diμmal variation of the ratio of nitrogen dioxide (NO_2) to NO_x as indirect signs of relative NO_x conversion and acid deposition at four locations within the WBRM; Fort Chipewyan, Athabasca, Fort McKay and Millennium Mine Site. Additionally, particulate matter (PM_(2.5) ) and rain water geochemistry from the region were evaluated for both base cations (e.g. Ca~(2+), Na~+) and acid anions (e.g. SO_4~(2-), NO_3~-) relative to precipitation pH. Temporal and spatial correlations relations of hourly O_3 concentration and daily regional precipitation pH values collected at continuous air monitoring stations within WBRM were examined with the co-occurring hourly NO_x concentrations and PM_(2.5) geochemistry. The data suggest that during periods of, and at locations with high NO_x concentrations, O_3 concentrations were depleted and exhibited a greater diμmal variability relative to remote locations where NO_x concentrations were lower. The extent of O_3 depletion and its diμmal variation were interpreted as signs of NO_x conversion and acid deposition. However, the trend observed when analyzing the WBRM spatial distribution of precipitation pH data was opposite to that which was expected. The pH increased from 5.6 at Fort Chipewyan (a remote station) to 7.1 in close proximity to the largest (industrial) NO_x emission sources. Nearby fugitive dust emissions (anticipated to be primarily carbonate in composition), which increase in proximity to surface mining operations and the nearby city of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, were suspected of contributing base cations (Na~+, Ca~(2+)) that reduce the acidification potential of precipitation. Although the chemical composition of PM_(2.5) and precipitation water chemistry) show proportionate increases of both acid anion and base cation content near surface mining activities, the overall net effect is an increase in alkalinity of precipitation, resulting in semi-alkaline precipitation pH. This suggests that base cation concentrations are present in stoichiometric excess relative to acid anion concentrations.
机译：伍德布法罗地区市政局（WBRM）尚未广泛检查氮氧化物（NO_x）排放对臭氧（O_3）浓度和区域降水pH的影响;加拿大油砂行业艾伯塔省的所在地。这项研究检查了O_3和NO_x的浓度和年浓度，以及二氧化氮（NO_2）与NO_x的浓度的浓度变化，以此作为WBRM内四个位置的相对NO_x转化和酸沉降的间接标志。奇普维扬堡，阿萨巴斯卡，麦凯堡和千禧矿场。此外，还评估了该地区的颗粒物（PM_（2.5））和雨水地球化学中的碱性阳离子（例如Ca〜（2 +），Na〜+）和酸阴离子（例如SO_4〜（2-），NO_3〜 -）相对于沉淀的pH值。利用同时发生的每小时NO_x浓度和PM_（2.5）地球化学，研究了WBRM内连续空气监测站每小时收集的O_3浓度与每日区域降水pH值的时空相关关系。数据表明，相对于NO_x浓度较低的偏远地区，在NO_x浓度较高的时期内以及在NO_x浓度较高的地区，O_3浓度被消耗，并且显示出更大的变化。 O_3耗竭程度及其微变化被解释为NO_x转化和酸沉积的迹象。但是，在分析降水pH数据的WBRM空间分布时观察到的趋势与预期相反。在最大的（工业）NO_x排放源附近，pH值从奇普维扬堡（一个偏远站点）的5.6增加到7.1。临近地面采矿作业和附近城市加拿大艾伯塔省麦克默里堡市的附近散逸粉尘排放物（预计主要成分为碳酸盐），据怀疑是造成碱阳离子（Na〜+，Ca〜（2+ ）降低沉淀的酸化潜力。尽管PM_（2.5）的化学成分和沉淀水化学反应显示出在露天开采活动附近酸阴离子和碱阳离子含量均成比例增加，但总的净效应是沉淀碱度增加，导致半碱性沉淀pH值。这表明碱阳离子浓度相对于酸阴离子浓度以化学计量过量存在。

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