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Mars surface systems common capabilities and challenges for human missions

机译：火星水面系统对人类任务的共同能力和挑战

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This paper describes the current status of common systems and operations as they are applied to actual locations on Mars that are representative of Exploration Zones (EZ) ¿¿¿ NASA's term for candidate locations where humans could land, live and work on the martian surface. Given NASA's current concepts for human missions to Mars, an EZ is a collection of Regions of Interest (ROIs) located within approximately 100 kilometers of a centralized landing site. ROIs are areas that are relevant for scientific investigation and/or development/maturation of capabilities and resources necessary for a sustainable human presence. An EZ also contains a habitation site that will be used by multiple human crews during missions to explore and utilize the ROIs within the EZ. The Evolvable Mars Campaign (EMC), a description of NASA's current approach to these human Mars missions, assumes that a single EZ will be identified within which NASA will establish a substantial and durable surface infrastructure that will be used by multiple human crews. With this assumption it becomes important to evaluate the current suite of surface systems and operations being evaluated for the EMC are likely to perform at a variety of proposed EZ locations. Four locations identified in MEPAG's Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group (HEM-SAG) report are used in this paper as representative of candidate EZs that will emerge from the selection process that NASA has initiated. A field station site plan is developed for each of these four HEM-SAG sites. Several important findings have emerged from these preliminary assessments: (1) at each of the four HEM-SAG sites there was a 10 km ¿¿ 10 km area at or near the proposed landing site within which it is reasonable to set up a landing site and habitation site consistent with the needs of a Mars surface field station, (2) at each of these 10 km ¿¿ 10 km sites it is possible to set up a central location for a common power system and locate the landing an- habitation zones in a radial configuration around this power system. However, additional analysis will be needed to look at alternative site layouts that could ¿¿¿better¿¿¿ utilize the natural features of a particular site, and (3) with the possible exception of a climb to the top of Arsia Mons, all of the proposed traverses appear to be feasible for the small pressurized rover currently envisioned for these surface missions. Based on these findings our recommendation is to continue (a) the selection process of EZs used in the recent workshop that will lead to one or more optimum surface locations, (b) continue to evaluate the minimum functionality required to establish a surface field station within the center of an EZ, and (c) identify those demonstrations that could be conducted at the Mars surface field station utilizing local resources to gradually establish the Earth independence necessary to sustain crews for long periods of time.
机译：本文介绍了常见系统和操作的当前状态，将它们应用于火星上的实际位置，这些位置代表了勘探区（EZ）或美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的术语，即人类可以在火星表面上降落，生活和工作的候选位置。根据美国宇航局当前对火星的人类飞行任务概念，“ EZ”是一个感兴趣区域（ROI）的集合，位于一个集中着陆点约100公里之内。投资回报率是与科学研究和/或人类可持续发展存在的能力和资源的发展/成熟有关的领域。 EZ还包含一个居住区，在执行任务期间，多个工作人员将使用该居住区来探索和利用EZ中的ROI。可演变的火星战役（EMC）是对NASA当前执行这些人类火星任务的方法的描述，它假设将确定一个EZ，NASA将在其中建立一个坚固耐用的地面基础设施，以供多名人员使用。在这种假设下，评估当前的地面系统套件非常重要，并且针对EMC进行评估的操作可能会在各种建议的EZ位置执行。本文使用了MEPAG的“人类火星探索科学分析组”（HEM-SAG）报告中确定的四个位置，作为代表候选EZ的代表，这些EZ将从NASA启动的选择过程中出现。为这四个HEM-SAG站点中的每一个站点制定了一个现场站站点计划。从这些初步评估中得出了几个重要发现：（1）在四个HEM-SAG站点中的每个站点，在拟议的着陆点或附近有一个10 km ?? 10 km的区域，在该区域内合理地设置一个着陆点以及与火星地面野外站的需求相符的居住点，（2）在这10 km-10 km的每个站点上，都可以为通用电力系统设置中心位置并确定着陆居住点在该电源系统周围呈放射状配置。但是，还需要进行其他分析，以研究可以更好地利用特定站点的自然特征的其他站点布局，以及（3）除可能爬到Arsia Mons顶部之外，所有其他对于目前为这些水面飞行任务设想的小型加压漫游车，拟议中的导线遍历似乎是可行的。基于这些发现，我们的建议是继续（a）在最近的讲习班中使用的EZ的选择过程，这将导致一个或多个最佳地面位置，（b）继续评估在其中建立地面现场站所需的最低功能EZ的中心，以及（c）确定可以在火星地面野外站进行的利用当地资源进行的示范，以逐步建立必要的地球独立性，以长期维持机组人员。

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