Social assistance is the basic guarantee for maintaining social stability, optimizing urban governance and promoting sustainable development. The participation of charitable organizations in social assistance is a trend around the world. However, charitable organizations start late in China. There are many difficulties for charitable organizations to participate in social assistance. In this paper, 36 representative charitable organizations are selected as samples, and the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to analyze the relative efficiency of charitable organizations’ participation in social assistance during 2013-2016. The results show that although the overall efficiency of charitable organizations has been improved during the study period, the average efficiency is low. Further, the panel regression model is used to analyze the factors that affect Chinese charitable organizations’ participation in social assistance. Based on the results, several measures are suggested to be taken to optimize charitable organizations’ participation in social assistance, including enhancing fund-raising capacity of charitable organizations, increasing government’s support, improving the quality of staff of charitable organizations, and strengthening the supervision of charitable organizations’ participation in social assistance*.
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