The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transform provides a universal, non-singular coordinate space for orbital dynamics, which makes it interesting for a number of applications. In particular, it provides advantages for uncertainty propagation. For constant energy manifolds of the Kepler problem, KS space is fully linear and thus enables analytical treatment of restricted probability density functions. For arbitrary forces. KS space provides a new view of non-Keplerian behavior in KS coordinates, as well as providing insight in more traditional coordinate spaces.
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