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Particularities and development of fly-by-wire system for light helicopters. Ansat helicopter as an example

机译：浅色直升机循环系统的特性与发展。 Ansat直升机作为一个例子

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In 1993 Kazan Helicopter Plant started designing a new helicopter with takeoff weight of 3.3 tons, which was called "Ansat". While determining the helicopter configuration, it was required to choose a type of the flight control system; and initially a traditional, for that time, control system was accepted. The KAU-165 combination control hydraulic actuator assembly, which had been just developed for the Ka-226 helicopter and consisted of four single-chamber actuators, was chosen for this system. On this basis a version for Ansat helicopter was developed, this one had increased up to 450 kg rod force and separate tail rotor actuators -KAU-190 and KAU-195. According to the AP-29 aviation regulations requirements the control system must operate after any single failure in power portion. The KAU-165 design allows selecting manual control in case of pressure drop in the chamber, but heavy control forces require specifying more severe operational limitations right up to complete prohibition of operation. Therefore a decision was made to replace the single-chamber actuator by redundant double-chamber one. In Russia there was no actuator with required characteristics, so it meant new development, which would postpone the time of the helicopter production manufacturing starting and increase costs. Approximately at the same time we were choosing a leading design bureau for development of flight and navigation system. Between candidates the Ramensky Instrument Engineering Plant, "Avionika" research and production company, "Aviapribor", and Design bureau of Industrial Automatics (Saratov city) were under consideration. They were proposed to work over a system version based on the fly-by-wire system, but then almost all of them considered as Utopia the use of the FBW system for such light helicopter. Nevertheless the "Avionika" company mentioned in its technical proposal that there was a possibility to develop such a system for Ansat helicopter. Also this company is a leader in development of such systems in Russia, what is proved by high maneuvering characteristics of Su-27 and other aircrafts equipped with FBW system.
机译：1993年，喀山直升机工厂开始设计一个新的直升机，起飞重量为3.3吨，称为“ansat”。在确定直升机配置的同时，需要选择一种飞行控制系统;并且最初是传统的，那么时间，控制系统被接受。 KAU-165组合控制液压致动器组件，刚刚为KA-226直升机开发并由四个单室致动器组成，用于该系统。在此基础上，开发了ANSAT直升机的版本，这一版本增加了450公斤的棒力和单独的尾桨执行器-Kau-190和Kau-195。根据AP-29航空法规要求，控制系统必须在电源部分的任何单一故障后运行。 KAU-165设计允许在腔室压降的情况下选择手动控制，但重控制力需要指定更严重的操作限制，以完成禁止运作。因此，通过冗余的双腔室取代单室执行器的决定。在俄罗斯，没有执行特性的执行器，所以它意味着新的开发，这将推迟直升机生产制造的时间，提高成本。大约在我们选择一家领先的飞行和导航系统设计局。在候选人之间，“Avionika”研究和生产公司，“AviaPribor”和工业自动化（Saratov City）的设计局正在考虑。他们提出基于逐线系统的系统版本工作，但随后几乎所有这些都被视为乌托邦，使用FBW系统进行这种轻型直升机。然而，“Avionika”公司在其技术方案中提到的，即有可能为ANSAT直升机制定这样一个系统。此外，这家公司是俄罗斯此类系统的开发领域，由SU-27和配备FBW系统的其他飞机的高机动特性证明了所证明的。

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