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RELIABILITY-BASED LIMIT STATES DESIGN FOR ONSHORE PIPELINES

机译：基于可靠性的陆上管道的极限状态设计

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The traditional approach to pipelines design is to select a wall thickness that maintains the hoop stress below the yield strength multiplied by a safety factor. The main design condition implied by this approach is yielding (and by extension burst) of the defect-free pipe. Failure statistics show that this failure mode is virtually impossible as the majority of failures occur due to equipment impact and various types of defects such as corrosion and cracks. Recent investigations show that these failure causes are much more sensitive to wall thickness than to steel grade. As a consequence, current design methods produce variable levels of safety for different pipelines ― small-diameter, low-pressure pipelines for example have been shown to have higher failure risks due to mechanical damage than large-diameter, high-pressure pipelines. In addition, the current design approach has been shown to have limited ability to deal with new design parameters, such high steel grades, and unique loading conditions such as frost heave and thaw settlement. The paper shows how these limitations can be addressed by adopting a reliability-based limit states design approach. In this approach, a pipeline is designed to maintain a specified reliability level with respect to its actual expected failure mechanisms (known as limit states). Implementation involves identifying all relevant limit states, selecting target reliability levels that take into account the severity of the failure consequences, and developing a set of design conditions that meet the target reliability levels. The advantages of this approach include lower overall cost for the same safety level, more consistent safety across the range of design parameters, and a built-in ability to address new design situations. Obstacles to its application for onshore pipelines include lack of familiarity with reliability-based approaches and their benefits and lack of consensus on how to define reliability targets. The paper gives an overview of the reliability-based design approach and demonstrates its application using an example involving design for mechanical damage.
机译：流水线设计的传统方法是选择壁厚，以保持低于屈服强度的箍应力乘以安全系数。这种方法所暗示的主要设计条件是缺陷管的（并通过延伸突发）。失败统计数据显示，由于设备影响和各种类型的腐蚀和裂缝，这种故障模式几乎不可能。最近的研究表明，这些失效原因对壁厚比钢级更敏感。因此，目前的设计方法产生不同管道的可变安全水平 - 小直径，低压管道，例如由于机械损坏而不是大直径，高压管道具有更高的故障风险。此外，目前的设计方法已经显示出有限的能力处理新的设计参数，这种高钢等级，以及独特的装载条件，如霜冻和解冻沉降。本文通过采用基于可靠性的限制状态设计方法，如何解决这些限制。在这种方法中，旨在对其实际预期失败机制（称为限制状态）保持指定的可靠性水平。实现涉及识别所有相关限制状态，选择要考虑失败后果的严重性的目标可靠性水平，并开发一组符合目标可靠性水平的设计条件。这种方法的优点包括相同的安全水平的整体成本，在设计参数范围内更一致的安全性，以及解决新设计情况的内置能力。其在陆上管道申请其申请的障碍包括缺乏熟悉基于可靠性的方法及其利益以及如何在如何定义可靠性目标的情况下缺乏共识。本文概述了基于可靠性的设计方法，并使用涉及机械损坏设计的示例演示其应用。

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