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Induction of Antigen-Specific Immunity in Human Neonates and Infants

机译：诱导人类新生儿和婴儿的抗原特异性免疫力

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The first months of life represent a period of heightened susceptibility to infection, but the immunological differences involved axe as yet incompletely understood. T cell-independent B cell (antibody) responses are markedly compromised in the first year of life. T cell-dependent antibody responses mature much earlier, but neonates and infants may require multiple immunizations to achieve or sustain titers comparable to those in older individuals. Neonates can mount effective antigen-specific T cell responses, but CD4 T cell responses are often slower to develop, less readily sustained, and in general more easily biased towards a Th2 type response. The last observation likely reflects in part the less efficient capacity of neonatal dendritic cells to establish a milieu that favors a Thl CD4 T cell response, but this limitation can be overcome given appropriate stimuli, as occurs in neonates immunized with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. We currently lack a clear mechanistic understanding of the molecular basis for these immunological differences between adults and neonates. The goal of ongoing and future studies is to generate the mechanistic insights needed to enable the rational design of vaccines and adjuvants for use in neonates and young infants, and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections early in life.
机译：生命的第一个月代表了一种加剧对感染易感性的时期，但免疫差异涉及斧头尚未完全理解。 T细胞无关的B细胞（抗体）反应在生命的第一年被显着损害。 T细胞依赖性抗体反应成熟的较早，但新生儿和婴儿可能需要多次免疫，以实现或维持与老年人中那些相当的滴度。新生儿可以抵抗有效的抗原特异性T细胞应答，但CD4 T细胞应答通常较慢，以显影，较不容易持续，并且通常更容易朝向Th2型反应偏置。最后的观察可能部分地反映了新生儿树突细胞的效率较低的能力，以建立较好的Milieu，这些细胞伴随着CD4 T细胞反应的Milieu，但是可以克服这种限制给出适当的刺激，如用芽孢杆菌均衡 - 屈曲免疫的新生儿发生的适当刺激。我们目前对成人和新生儿之间的这些免疫差异的分子基础缺乏明确的机械理解。持续和未来的研究的目标是产生能够在新生儿和年轻婴儿中使用疫苗和辅助剂的理性设计所需的机制见解，从而降低生命早期感染的发病率和死亡率。

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