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Environmental Influences on the Development of the Immune System: Consequences for Disease Outcome

机译:对免疫系统发展的环境影响:疾病结果的后果

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Early T cell responses to external antigens and autoantigens are subject to a variety of regulatory mechanisms. A unifying link between the increase in both Thl-dependent autoimmune disease and Th2-linked atopic allergy would be a disturbed immune regulation involving T regulatory cells. There is a strong global correlation between childhood wheezing and diabetes. It is increasingly recognized that microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, linked with lifestyle and/or geographic factors, may be important determinants of the heterogeneity in disease prevalence throughout the world. These suggestions are supported by observations that germ-free mice do not develop tolerance in the absence of a gut flora. The potential effects of environmental stimuli on immune function is greatest in early life including fetal life when systems and responses are developing, and the maternal influences during fetal life could be particularly important for the development of immune regulation and tolerance induction. In recent years, focus has switched from searching for environmental risk factors towards an interest in factors that could induce and maintain immune regulation and tolerance to allergens and autoantigens. Currently evaluated strategies include the use of immunomodulatory factors, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary nutrients, although data are still insufficient to make specific recommendations.
机译:早期T细胞对外部抗原和自身抗原的反应受各种调节机制的影响。依赖于依赖的自身免疫疾病和Th2关联的Atopic过敏之间的统一联系将是涉及T调节细胞的干扰免疫调节。儿童喘息和糖尿病之间存在强烈的全球相关性。越来越认识到,与生活方式和/或地理因素相关的胃肠道的微生物定植可能是全世界疾病患病率的异质性的重要决定因素。这些建议得到了观察结果,即无菌小鼠在没有肠道菌群的情况下没有发展耐受性。环境刺激对免疫功能的潜在影响是早期生命中最大的最大值,包括系统和反应时的胎儿生命,胎儿生命期间的孕产妇影响对于免疫调节和耐受性诱导尤为重要。近年来,重点从寻找环境危险因素的兴趣转向,对可能诱导和维持过敏原和自身抗原的免疫调节和耐受性的因素的兴趣。目前评估的策略包括使用免疫调节因子,例如益生菌,益生元和膳食营养素,尽管数据仍然不足以做出具体的建议。

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