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Cannabinoids and Pain

机译：大麻素和疼痛

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This chapter reviews the laboratory evidence supporting the putative analgesic effects of cannabinoids. It focuses on strategies for divorcing analgesia from psychotropic actions of cannabinoids, for instance by targeting spinal cord and peripheral cannabinoid receptors. The last three decades have seen considerable advances in the pharmacology of cannabinoids, including identification of the psychoactive constituents of Cannabis sativa, the synthesis of synthetic cannabinoids, the characterization of receptors through which cannabinoids act, the discovery of the endogenous ligands at these receptors (endocannabinoids), and elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms for synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids (see Pertwee 2001; Rice 2001a; Di Marzo 2002). The potential physiological roles of this novel system are only just beginning to be elucidated, but the fact that cannabinoid receptor knockout mice (Ledent et al. 1999; Zimmer et al. 1999; Buckley et al. 2000) display only subtle physiological deviations from the norm suggests that endocannabinoids play a modulatory, albeit important, rather than a primary physiological function. Endocannabinoids do" appear to regulate processes such as cognition and memory, motor coordination, temperature homeostasis, sleep, the inflammatory response, and appetite (Di Marzo 2002). These nonanalgesic effects, particularly on brain functions (which we generically refer to as "psychotropic"), are important and present a considerable impediment to the development of therapeutically useful cannabinoid-based analgesics.
机译：本章评论支持大麻素的推定镇痛作用的实验室证据。它侧重于从大麻素的精神术行动中解离镇痛的策略，例如通过靶向脊髓和外周大麻素受体。在过去的三十年中已经看到了大麻素的药理学的相当大进展，包括鉴定大麻苜蓿的精神活性成分，合成大麻素的合成，大麻素作用的受体的表征，这些受体的内源性配体的发现（Endocannaboids ），并阐明生物化学机制，用于合成和降解Endancannabinoids（参见Pertwee 2001; Rice 2001a; Di Marzo 2002）。这部新系统的潜在生理作用仅仅开始阐明，而是大麻素受体敲除小鼠（Learent等人1999; Zimmer等，1999; Buckley等，2000）显示了从中的微妙生理偏差常规表明，Endocannabinoids发挥调制性，尽管是重要的，而不是主要的生理功能。 Endocannabinoids Do“似乎调节了认知和记忆，电机协调，温度稳态，睡眠，炎症反应和食欲（Di Marzo 2002）的过程。这些非阶级效应，特别是对大脑功能（我们将其代表上称为”精神功能“），对治疗有用的大麻素基镇痛药的发展是重要的并且具有相当大的障碍。

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