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首页> 外文会议>Annual International Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers >Odor Evaluation and Gas Emission from Manure of Dairy Heifers Fed High/Low - Forage Quality and High/Low-Concentrate Diets
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Odor Evaluation and Gas Emission from Manure of Dairy Heifers Fed High/Low - Forage Quality and High/Low-Concentrate Diets

机译：乳品小母牛肥料的气味评估和气体排放高/低饲料质量和高/低浓缩饮食

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A heifer feeding trial evaluated the impact of high/low forage quality and high/low concentrate level nutrient-balanced diets on simultaneous odor and gas emissions from the manure. Gas concentration was determined using an infrared photoacoustic analyzer over a 24-hour period using a steady-state flux chamber setup containing urine:feces as-excreted from eight individual heifers. Odorous air samples were collected from chamber headspace and evaluated by six human assessors for pleasantness, intensity and detection threshold using a forced-choice dynamic olfactometer. Ammonia emission ranged from 0.64 to 3.94 mg NH_3cm~(-2) d~(-1) across diets. Average ammonia emission from the low concentrate (80% forage) diets (2.11 mg NH_3cm~(-2) d~(-1)) was larger than the high concentrate (20% forage) diets (1.69 mg NH_3cm~(-2) d~(-1)), but not significantly different. Carbon dioxide emission was significantly higher (p= 0.0143) in the low concentrate diets. There was a linear increase of methane emission as reduced quality forage (corn stover) was increased in the low-concentrate diet (p = 0.030). Nitrous oxide emissions were similar and low in all diets. Highest average odor emission (8.58 OU m~(-2) sec~(-1)) was from the low concentrate, high forage quality (80% corn silage) diet while lowest emission (5.01 OU m~(-2) sec~(-1) was measured when forage quality was reduced (32% silage; 48% stover). Odor emission tended to be reduced with lower quality forage diets, but with no significant difference. The volume offeces produced from the high concentrate diet was about half that from the low concentrate diet heifers. But total manure produced by the high concentrate diet heifers was 23% higher due to increased urine production.
机译：小母牛喂养试验评估了高/低饲料质量和高/低浓缩水平营养 - 平衡饮食对粪肥同时异味和气体排放的影响。使用含有稳态助熔剂室设定的24小时内使用含有尿液：从八个单独的小母牛排出的粪便，使用红外光声分析仪测定气体浓度。从腔室顶部空间收集有晕空气样品，并使用强制选择动态嗅觉计评估六人评估员，用于愉快，强度和检测阈值。氨发射的饮食中的0.64至3.94mg NH_3CM〜（-2）D〜（-1）。低浓缩物（80％饲料）饮食（2.11mg NH_3CM〜（-2）d〜（-1））的平均氨水量大于高浓缩物（20％煎料）饮食（1.69mg NH_3CM〜（-2） d〜（-1）），但没有显着差异。低浓缩饮食中二氧化碳排放显着高（P = 0.0143）。随着较低的质量饲料（玉米秸秆）的低浓缩饮食（P = 0.030）增加，甲烷排放的线性增加（玉米秸秆）。氧化亚氧排放在所有饮食中都是相似和低的。最高的平均气味排放（8.58 ou m〜（-2）sec〜（-1））是从低浓缩物，高饲料质量（80％玉米青贮饲料）饮食中最低排放（5.01 ou m〜（-2）sec〜当饲料质量减少（32％青贮饲料时）测量（-1）。气味排放趋于较低的质量饲料饮食，但没有显着差异。从高浓缩饮食中产生的体积脱井是关于来自低浓缩饮食小母牛的一半。但由于尿造产生增加，高浓缩饮食小母牛生产的总粪便增加了23％。

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