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Investigating the Difficulty of Commercial-level Compiler Warning Messages for Novice Programmers

机译：研究新手程序员的商业级编译器警告消息的难度

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摘要

Many researchers refer to the folklore "warning messages in commercial-level compilers like GCC are difficult for novice programmers, which leads to low learning efficiency." However, there is little quantitative investigation about this, so it is still unknown if (and to what extent) the warning messages are really difficult. In this paper, we provide a quantitative investigation about the difficulty of the warning messages. More specifically, as a sample code set we first collected 90 small programs in C language that are error-prone for novice programmers. Then we performed the investigation on the warning emission and its difficulty for 4 compilers and 5 static analysis tools, which are all commercial-level, using the sample code set. The difficulty of warning messages were evaluated by 7 students as research participants, using 4 evaluation criteria of clarity, specificity, constructive guidance, and plain terminology. As a result, we obtained several important quantitative findings: e.g., the deviation of warning emission presence in compilers and static analysis tools is large; and 35.7% of warning messages lack clarity, and 35.9% of warning messages lack specificity, which suggests roughly one third of warning messages are difficult for novice programmers to understand.
机译：许多研究人员指的是民间传说“在商业级编译器中的警告消息，就像GCC一样难以对新手程序员来说，这导致了低学习效率。”然而，对此几乎没有定量调查，所以如果（以及在多大程度上）警告消息非常困难。在本文中，我们提供了关于警告信息的难度的定量调查。更具体地说，作为示例代码集，我们首先以C语言收集90个小程序，对新手程序员容易出错。然后，我们使用示例代码集执行了对4个编译器和5个静态分析工具的警告排放及其困难的调查。警告信息的难度由7名学生作为研究参与者评估，使用4个评价，特异性，建设性指导和普通术语。结果，我们获得了几个重要的定量发现：例如，在编译器和静态分析工具中的警告发射存在的偏差很大; 35.7％的警告信息缺乏清晰度，35.9％的警告信息缺乏特异性，这表明新手程序员难以理解的大约三分之一的警告消息。

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