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首页> 外文会议>Annual Conference and Expo of the Association of Avian Veterinarians >Pharmacokinetics of Amitriptyline HCL and Its Metabolites in Normal Healthy African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Cockatoos (Cacatua species)
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Pharmacokinetics of Amitriptyline HCL and Its Metabolites in Normal Healthy African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Cockatoos (Cacatua species)

机译：Amitriptyline HCl的药代动力学及其在正常健康非洲灰鹦鹉（Psittacus Irithacus）和Cockatoos（Cacatua物种）中的代谢物

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Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant used clinically to treat feather destructive behavior inpsittacine birds. The recommended therapeutic range is l-5mg/kg PO ql2-24h, which has been extrapolated from human medicine and based on anecdotal reports. The purpose of this study was to describe the individual and population pharmacokinetic parameters of amitriptyline following a single oral dose at 1.5 mg/kg, 4.5 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg, in healthy African Greys (Psittacus erithacus, n = 3) and cockatoos(Cacatua species, n = 3). Two birds received an initial 1.5 mg/kg oral dose and blood samples collected for 24 hours at fixed time intervals and serum concentrations of amitriptyline and its metabolites were determined by polarized immunofluorescence. After determining the initial parameters and a 14-day wash out period, African grey parrots (n = 2) and a cockatoo (n = 1) received a single oral dose at 4.5 mg/kg and cockatoos (n = 3) and an African grey parrot (n = 1) received a single oral dose at 9 mg/kg. Concentrations reached the minimum therapeutic range reported in humans (60 ng/ml) in 4 of 10 studies (4.5 and 9.0 mg/kg). Concentrations were considered toxic in one cockatoo, with regurgitation, ataxia and dullness noted with the administration at 9 mg/kg dose. Concentrations were non-detectable in 2 studies (1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg). Serum concentrations were detectable but below the human therapeutic range in 3 birds (1.5 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg). Drug concentrations were continuing to increase at the end ofthe study (24 hours) for 1 bird. The elimination half-life varied from 1.6-91.2 hours. The current recommended dose of 1-2 mg/kg ql2h does not appear to be sufficient to achieve serum concentrations within the human therapeutic range and does not yieldpredictable concentrations. This study suggests doses of up to 9 mg/kg may be necessary in some birds, although this dose is likely to achieve toxic concentrations some bird. Additionally, the elimination half-life is sufficiently variable that dosing intervals are not predictable. Therapeutic drug monitoring combined with response to therapy is indicated to determine individual therapeutic ranges.
机译：Amitriptyline是一款三环抗抑郁药，临床上用于治疗羽毛破坏性行为胞内鸟类。推荐的治疗范围是L-5mg / kg PO QL2-24H，其已从人体中推断并基于轶事报告。本研究的目的是描述在1.5mg / kg，4.5mg / kg和9mg / kg，在健康的非洲灰色（psittacus erithacus，n = 3）中的单个口服剂量后的氨基粒细胞的个体和群体药代动力学参数。 Cockatoos（Cacatua种，n = 3）。两只鸟接受初始1.5mg / kg口服剂量和以固定时间间隔收集24小时的血液样品，并通过偏振免疫荧光测定血清素浓度及其代谢物。在确定初始参数和14天洗涤期后，非洲灰色鹦鹉（n = 2）和鹦鹉（n = 1）在4.5mg / kg和cockatoos（n = 3）和非洲的单个口服剂量灰色鹦鹉（n = 1）在9mg / kg下接受单个口服剂量。浓度达到10项研究中4例（4.5和9.0mg / kg）中的人类（60ng / ml）中报道的最小治疗范围。浓度被认为是一种鹦鹉，具有反冲，共济失调和暗淡，在9mg / kg剂量时注意到。浓度在2项研究中是不可检测的（1.5和4.5mg / kg）。可检测到血清浓度，但在3只鸟（1.5mg / kg，9mg / kg）的人体治疗范围以下。在1只鸟的研究结束时继续增加药物浓度（24小时）。消除半衰期从1.6-91.2小时变化。目前推荐剂量为1-2mg / kg Q12h似乎足以实现人类治疗范围内的血清浓度，并且不耗能可预测的浓度。本研究表明，在某些鸟类中可能需要多达9mg / kg的剂量，尽管这种剂量可能会达到一些鸟类的毒性浓度。另外，消除半衰期是足够的变量，给药间隔不可预测。表明治疗药物监测与治疗反应相结合，以确定个体治疗范围。

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