Gingold, Lucy, and Monaghan invented a grid-free version of continuum mechanics, "smoothed-particle hydrodynamics", in 1977. It is a likely contributor to "hybrid" simulations combining atomistic and continuum simulations. We describe applications of this particle-based continuum technique from the closely-related standpoint of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. We compare chaotic Lyapunov spectra for atomistic solids and fluids with those which characterize a two-dimensional smoothed-particle fluid system.
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