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首页> 外文会议>Petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water: prevention, assessment, and remediation >Biodegradation of Weathered Diesel Fuel in Groundwater in Anaerobic and Aerobic Microcosms to Assess Natural Attenuation of Total Extractable Hydrocarbon Range Petroleum Hydrocarbons
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Biodegradation of Weathered Diesel Fuel in Groundwater in Anaerobic and Aerobic Microcosms to Assess Natural Attenuation of Total Extractable Hydrocarbon Range Petroleum Hydrocarbons

机译：厌氧和好氧微观地下水中被风化柴油燃料的生物降解，评估总萃取烃类石油烃的自然衰减

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Diesel invert drilling mud used and stored at a well lease in Central Alberta more than 20 years ago has migrated into the underlying fractured bedrock and contaminated the groundwater-bearing zone, approximately 30 m below ground surface. Hydrogeological data indicates that a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) plume extends approximately 400m downgradient from the source, and dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) extend a further 300 m downgradient. The LNAPL and dissolved hydrocarbons consists of weathered diesel that contains a higher proportion of heavier PHCs, such as total extractable hydrocarbons (THE; C11-C30), which tend to be recalcitrant. As part of a study to evaluate natural attenuation of THE, groundwater was sampled from the centre of the plume using a bladder pump to minimise volatile contaminant loss and aeration (oxidation) of geochemical constituents. The groundwater was subsequently incubated in a series of aerobic and anaerobic microcosms to assess the effects of temperature, electron acceptor and nutrient amendment. Aerobic first order biodegradation rates were determined by measuring the mineralisation of radiolabelled dodecane (14C-dodecane) in biometers over 187 days. Biometer flasks were incubated with and without amendments at 10°C (in-situ temperature) and 28°C. Nutrient amendment at 28°C increased the first order rate from 0.0015 day-1 (unamended at 28°C) to 0.0066 day-1. The first order rate constant for the nutrient amended samples at 10°C was also considerably higher (0.0037 day-1) than in unamended groundwater (0.0002 day-1). Anaerobic first order biodegradation rates were calculated from the mineralisation of THE over 717 days of incubation. Separate series of microcosms were incubated under a number of conditions including sulfate, nitrate and nutrient amended, and unamended at 10 and 23°C. Nutrient and nitrate addition (at 10°C) increased the first order rate from 0.0005 day-1 (unamended at 10°C) to 0.0016 and 0.0011 day-1, respectively. Temperature also had a positive effect on the rate, unamended microcosms at 23°C degraded THE at a rate of 0.001 day-1 compared to 0.0005 day-1 at 10°C. The addition of sulphate as an electron acceptor did not increase the first order biodegradation rate (0.0002 day-1). This indicates that sulphate may not be a significant electron acceptor in the groundwater. These results suggest that bioremediation of diesel in groundwater from the study site at in-situ temperatures will be enhanced by nutrient augmentation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
机译：20多年前，柴油反转钻井泥浆在艾伯塔省中部租赁的速度升至底层破碎的基岩并污染地下表面约30米。水文地质数据表明，光非水相液（LNAPL）羽流从源极延伸约400m，并且溶解的石油烃（PHCS）延伸进一步的300μm下坡。 LNAPL和溶解的烃由风化的柴油组成，含有较高比例的较重的PHC，例如总可提取物烃（; C11-C30），其往往是顽皮的碳氢化合物。作为评估天然衰减的研究的一部分，使用膀胱泵从羽流的中心取样地下水，以最大限度地减少地球化学成分的挥发性污染物损失和通气（氧化）。随后将地下水孵育在一系列的有氧和厌氧微观中，以评估温度，电子受体和营养修正的影响。通过在187天内测量生物仪中的放射性标记的十二烷（14C-十二烷）的矿化来确定有氧的第一订单生物降解率。将生物计烧瓶与10℃（原位温度）和28℃温育和不含修改。 28°C时的营养修正增加了从0.0015天-1（在28°C时未加热）的第一阶率增加到0.0066天-1。营养物修正的样品在10℃下的第一阶速率也比未掺入的地下水（0.0037天-1）（0.0037天-1）。厌氧第一阶生物降解率由孵育717天的矿化计算。在包括硫酸盐，硝酸盐和营养物的许多条件下孵育单独的微观粒子，并在10和23℃下令人难以解释。营养和硝酸盐添加（10℃）分别从0.0005天-1（10°C）的第一阶率增加到0.0016和0.0011天-1。温度也对速率产生阳性作用，23℃下的未变化的微观物质降解，以0.001天-1的速率降低至10°C的0.0005天-1。添加硫酸盐作为电子受体并未增加第一阶生物降解率（0.0002天-1）。这表明硫酸盐可能不是地下水中的重要电子受体。这些结果表明，在原位温度下，在原位温度下，柴油在地下水中的生物修复将通过有氧和厌氧条件下的营养增强来提高营养增强。

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