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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Fate Effects of Pulp Paper Mill Effluent >Overview of Improvements in Effluent Quality as a Result of Changes to the Federal and Provincial Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Control Regimes
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Overview of Improvements in Effluent Quality as a Result of Changes to the Federal and Provincial Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Control Regimes

机译：由于联邦和省级纸浆和造纸厂污水控制制度的变化，污水质量改善概述

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In May 1992, the Canadian federal government introduced a comprehensive regulatory framework to address pulp and paper mill discharges. The r992 federal regulatory framework replaced an earlier set of pulp and paper regulations that had been passed under the Fisheries Act in 1971. The new framework consisted of two regulations under Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and one under the Fisheries Act.Under CEPA, the Pulp and Paper Mill Defoamer and Wood Chips Regulations set quantitative limits on the amounts of unchlorinated dioxin and furan molecules allowed in defoamers. As well, they banned the use of wood chips derived from chlorophenolic treated lumber in pulp mills. The Pulp and Paper Mill Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations prohibited the release of measurable concentrations of 2,3,7,8 chlorinated dioxin and furan in effluent from mills that use chlorine or chlorine dioxide to bleach pulp. These regulations minimized the entry of dioxin-furan precursors into the pulping process and induced major reductions in the amounts of gaseous chlorine that could be used in the bleaching processes.Under the Fisheries Act, the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER) set discharge limits for BOD matter and total suspended solids (TSS). As well, the PPER prohibited the discharge of effluents that are acutely lethal to rainbow trout at 100% effluent. These limits were more stringent than those included in the 1971 regulations. In addition, the PPER included a requirement for all mills to conduct Environmental Effects Monitoring studies to determine the impact of their effluents in the receiving waters.In parallel with the federal government, the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec updated their regulations and Alberta updated their permits to address effluent quality from pulp and paper mills. All the provincial limits were equal or more stringent than the federal limits.Compliance with the federal and provincial requirements entailed major changes in the way effluents were treated by the industry, requiring in most cases the installation of secondary (biological) treatment plants. The new regulations and permitting have led to vast improvements in effluent quality at all pulp and paper mills. Releases of BOD, TSS, adsorbable organic halides, and chlorinated dioxins and furans have been significantly reduced compared to preregulatory levels. These improvements have arisen as a result of the pollution prevention measures taken to address the bleach plant areas as well as the introduction of secondary biological treatment at most mills. This paper outlines that nature and effect of these changes on effluent quality over time.
机译：1992年5月，加拿大联邦政府介绍了一个全面的监管框架来解决纸浆和造纸厂排放。 R992联邦监管框架取代了1971年在渔业法案下通过的​​早期纸浆和纸条规定。新框架由加拿大环境保护法（CEPA）下的两项法规和渔业法下的一项规定.CEPA，纸浆和造纸厂消泡剂和木屑法规设定了在消泡剂中允许的未氯化二恶英和呋喃分子的量的定量限制。同样，它们禁止使用从纸浆厂中衍生自叶绿素处理的木材的木屑。纸浆和纸磨机氯化​​二恶英和呋喃法规禁止释放来自使用氯或二氧化氯或氯气中的碎片到漂白纸浆的流出物中的2,3,7,8氯化二恶英和呋喃的可测量浓度。这些规则最小化了二恶英 - 呋喃前体的进入制浆过程，并诱导可用于漂白过程中的气态氯量的主要减少。渔业法，纸浆和纸张流出法规（PPER）设定排出限制对于BOD物质和总悬浮固体（TSS）。同样，PPER禁止在100％流出物中排出急性致命的污水致命的流出物。这些限制比1971年规定中包含的那些限制更严格。此外，PPER包括所有工厂的要求进行环境影响监测研究，以确定其流出物在接收水域中的影响。与联邦政府，不列颠哥伦比亚省，安大略省和魁北克的省份更新了他们的法规和亚伯大学更新了他们的允许解决纸浆和造纸厂的污水质量。所有省级限制都比联邦政府相同或更严格。从联邦和省级的要求，所需的污水的主要变化是由行业治疗的方式，需要在大多数情况下安装二次（生物）治疗厂。新规定和允许导致所有纸浆和造纸厂的出水质量的巨大改善。与预制水平相比，BOD，TSS，可吸附有机卤化物和氯化二恶英和呋喃的释放显着降低。由于采取污染防治措施，以解决漂白厂领域以及在大多数工厂引入二次生物治疗的污染预防措施，因此出现了这些改进。本文概述了这些变化随时间的流出质量的性质和影响。

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