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The Importance of Retention Zones in the Dispersal of Larvae

机译：保留区在幼虫分散中的重要性

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Dispersal of young life stages is often the predominant connection between spatially separated populations. Thus, one can expect that dispersal plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of aquatic protected areas as fishery management tools. This piece focuses on two primary aspects of dispersal that result in dispersal not being a simple product of mean flow and time in the plankton: flow features (retention) and behavior (swimming). Recently, increasing attention is being given to retention zones—regions where currents act to retain propagules (regions with limited exchange with surrounding waters). Both observations and models of meroplankton and of recruitment suggest the importance of retention zones in population dynamics and that these may be good sites for aquatic protected areas. Retention zones may occur in a variety of environments, each exhibiting specific circulation patterns, time scales, and opportunities for import or export. In addition, each type of retention zone offers a different habitat type and different exposure to external influences. The value of these retention zones to fisheries depends on the population of interest and the time scale, size, location, and "retentiveness" of the retention zone. Typically, retention zones are not "closed"—they are not isolated from the main flow. Nonzero exchange between retention zones and surrounding waters is critical for both dispersal of propagules and the nature of the habitat. Swimming can have a large influence onretention processes and how retention zones are used by early life stages. Even very weak behavior can exert control on export or import rates and timing. Age-specific behavior may be critical to populations using these retention zones to enhance local recruitment and spillover effects at the same time.
机译：幼小寿命的分散通常是空间分离群体之间的主要联系。因此，人们可以期望分散在确定水生保护区作为渔业管理工具的有效性方面发挥着关键作用。这件作品侧重于分散的两个主要方面，导致分散不是在浮游生物中的平均流量和时间的简单产物：流动特征（保留）和行为（游泳）。最近，越来越受到关注的保留区域 - 区域，其中电流行为保持宣传（带有围绕水域的交换有限的区域）。 Meroplankton和招聘的两个观察和模型都表明了人口动态的保留区的重要性，并且这些可能是水生保护区的好网站。保留区域可能发生在各种环境中，每个环境中呈现特定的循环模式，时间尺度和导入或导出的机会。此外，每种类型的保留区都提供了不同的栖息地类型和不同的外部影响。这些保留区对渔业的价值取决于感兴趣的群体和保留区的时间尺度，大小，位置和“保持性”。通常，保持区域不是“闭合” - 没有从主流隔离。保留区域和周围水之间的非零交换对于繁殖的分散和栖息地的性质至关重要。游泳可以有很大的影响onRetention过程以及早期生命阶段如何使用保留区域。即使是非常弱的行为也可以对出口或进口率和时序进行控制。使用这些保留区的年龄特异性行为对于群体来说是至关重要的，以同时增强本地招募和溢出效应。

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