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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Impact of the Environment on Human Migration in Eurasia >PREHISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN MIGRATIONS AND ORIGIN OF PASTORALISM IN NORTHERN EURASIA
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PREHISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN MIGRATIONS AND ORIGIN OF PASTORALISM IN NORTHERN EURASIA

机译：欧亚北部史前环境，人类迁徙和牧区起源

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摘要

Development of early human societies in Northern Eurasia depended on large-scale migrations combined with an indigenous evolution. The initial colonisation of Northern Eurasia by anatomically modern humans was proceeded by several migratory waves generally directed from the west to the east. Human displacements were triggered by environmental stress, and coincided with the coldest stages of the Last Ice Age (40,000 - 10,000 years before present, B.P.), when the conditions for livelihood were less severe in Eastern Europe and Siberia. The transition to Holocene at c. 10,000-9,000 yr. B.P. marked profound changes in the environment, with the rise of temperature by at least 6-12°C and increased humidity, leading to the extension of forests and the gradual establishment of present-day biogeographical zonality. Mesolithic lifestyle featured an increased sedentariness, combined with limited-scale seasonal transhumance. In the conditions of the northbound advancement of forests at 9000-7000 yr. B.P., a network of Mesolithic sites emerged north of the current arctic circle. This included the shelf of the Arctic Ocean, which became accessible, as the coastline was at least 150 km north of its present position. The 'Neolithic revolution' in Northern Eurasia occurred in the conditions of the thermal optimum, which became established at 8,000-7,000 yr. B.P., and led to the maximum expansion of forests, further increase of precipitation, the global rise of the sea level, and increased biological productivity of boreal landscapes. The spread of Neolithic in northern Eurasia is seen as a combination of human migrations, cultural diffusion, with local inventions and adaptations, the intensity of which depended on the local natural and cultural environment. Based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates, archaeological and environmental evidence, we distinguished three basic processes in the Neolithisation of Northern Eurasia which are discussed in the article.
机译：欧洲北部北部早期人类社会的发展取决于大规模迁徙与土着进化相结合。欧亚北部北部欧洲北部现代人类的初始殖民经过几个候头波，一般从西部到东方。人类流离失所是由环境压力引发的，并恰逢最后冰河时代的最冷阶段（在目前40,000 - 10,000年之前，B.P.），当时生命的条件在东欧和西伯利亚的恶劣严重时。在c的过渡到全新世。 10,000-9,000年。 B.P.在环境中显着的深刻变化，温度升高至少6-12°C，湿度增加，导致森林的延伸和现今的生物地图间位的逐步建立。沉思的生活方式具有较高的edentarine，结合有限的季节转运。在9000-7000年的森林北行进步的条件下。 B.P.，岩土性围系的网络北北极圈出现。这包括北极海洋的架子，因为海岸线在其当前位置以北至少150公里处。欧亚北部北部的“新石器时代革命”发生在热最好的条件下，该条件达到8,000-7,000年。 B.P.并导致森林的最大扩展，降水进一步增加，海平面的全球崛起，增加了北方景观的生物生产力。新石器时代在欧亚北部的新石器式的蔓延被视为人类迁徙，文化扩散，当地发明和适应的组合，其强度取决于当地自然和文化环境。基于RadioCarbon日期的分析，考古和环境证据，我们在文章中讨论了欧亚北方北部北部新桥的三种基本过程。

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