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Information and Communications Technology for Development (ICT4D) - A Design Challenge?

机译：发展的信息和通信技术（ICT4D） - 设计挑战？

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摘要

In this paper, we make the case that ICT projects in the developed and developing world often lead to partial or total failures due to the incomplete assessment of the problem being solved and the metrics used to evaluate solutions. While in the developed world the success of ICT solutions are often determined by the market, with available infrastructure and market mechanisms, in the developing world this ecosystem does not exist thus requiring an understanding of the ecosystem in which ICT solutions are to be applied. Using literature from the design space, and experiences in ICT for development, we elaborate the dimensions of design such as incorporation of stakeholders, incentive structures, and design participation that are critical to successful deployment. We examine some successes and failures in product/solution development in the ICT area to identify the dimensions of good design incorporated by these products and services. With the perspective that ICT for sustainable development issues are ill-structured and "wicked problems" that have to incorporate all the defined dimensions of design, we propose a model of product and service identification and development that is based on insights from asynchronous computational agent problem solving. We claim that new methods such as the one proposed need to be identified, developed and tested for their effectiveness in the development of products and services that satisfy the needs of human development.
机译：在本文中，我们做的是，在发达国家和发展中国家的ICT项目往往会导致部分或全部失效由于正在解决这个问题的不完整的评估，并用来评估解决方案的指标的情况。而在发达国家ICT解决方案的成功往往是由市场决定的，与现有的基础设施和市场机制，在发展中国家这个生态系统并不存在，因此需要在ICT解决方案是应用生态系统的认识。从设计空间，和经验ICT发展运用文献资料，我们精心设计的尺寸，如利益相关者的结合，激励机制，并参与设计是成功部署的关键。我们研究在ICT领域的产品/解决方案开发的一些成功和失败，以确定由这些产品和服务结合良好的设计尺寸。随着角度来看，信息通信技术的可持续发展问题结构不良，并且必须包括所有的设计定义尺寸“棘手问题”，我们提出的产品和服务的标识和开发了一个模型，是基于异步计算代理问题的见解解决。我们断言新的方法，比如一个提议需要确定，开发并为他们的产品和满足人类发展的需要，服务发展成效进行测试。

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