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Neuro-Immune-Interaction in Allergy and Asthma: Regulation of the Allergic Phenotype

机译：过敏和哮喘的神经免疫相互作用：过敏表型调节

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It is now clear that inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) do not develop independently from one-another, but they are associated through bi-directional signaling between cells of the immune and nervous system. Therefore, the search for bi-directional signaling molecules between immune cells and neurons has become a novel focus regarding asthma research. Recent studies have also be conducted investigating the effects of interleukins and other "classical" cytokines of the immune system on neurons and smooth muscle cells. Vice versa, mediators of the nervous system, especially neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, have been studied for their functional activities in inflammatory cells. During the last decade, the neurotrophins, originally defined as neuronal growth factors, have been identified as important mediators of inflammatory signals regarding the bronchial nervous system. The identification of immune cells, either invading into or residing within the lung, as additional sources of neurotrophins during allergic inflammation has further underlined this concept. In this review we will discuss recent findings demonstrating how increased expression of neurotrophins in the inflamed lung modulates AHR, and we will also indicate the function of neurotrophins as cytokines promoting the allergic inflammation itself.
机译：现在清楚的是，炎症和气道高反应性（AHR）不会独立于彼此开发，但它们通过免疫和神经系统的细胞之间的双向信号传导相关。因此，寻找免疫细胞和神经元之间的双向信号传导分子已成为关于哮喘研究的新型焦点。最近的研究还研究了Interseutukins和其他“典型”细胞因子对神经元和平滑肌细胞的影响。反之亦然，神经系统，特别是神经肽和神经递质的介质已经研究过炎症细胞的功能活性。在过去十年中，最初被定义为神经元生长因子的神经营养素已被鉴定为关于支气管神经系统的炎症信号的重要介质。在过敏性炎症期间，侵入或留在肺部内的免疫细胞的鉴定，即在过敏性炎症期间的额外神经营养素来源进一步下调了这一概念。在本次审查中，我们将讨论最近的研究结果，证明了神经营养蛋白在发炎的肺部调节AHR中的表达如何增加，并且我们还将表明神经营养素作为促进过敏性炎症本身的细胞因子的功能。

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