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Bt crucifers: From a model system to a commercial project

机译：BT十字架：从模型系统到商业项目

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In 2006, cotton and maize plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) were grown on 32. 1 million ha. A number of other Bt crops have been developed, but are not yet commercialized. This includes Bt crucifers for control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella ( L. ) and other Lepidoptera. Beginning in 1991, our collaborative program developed a model system using Bt crucifers and P. xylostella resistant to specific Bt proteins in order to study resistance management strategies for Bt cotton and Bt corn, which were commercialized in 1996. This system was unique because P. xylostella was the only insect that had evolved resistance to Bt proteins in the field due to intense spraying of Bt foliar products. Over the last 16 years, we have demonstrated the value of refuges for conserving Bt susceptible alleles in a population, the value of pyramiding Bt genes to delay the evolution of resistance, and the risk of simultaneous deployment of single Bt plantswith dual Bt plants that contain one of the same genes. While these findings have importance to the currently available Bt crops, these findings will become even more important because Bt crucifers may become available in developing countries through aprivate-public partnership, the Collaboration on Insect Management for Brassicas in Asia and Africa ( CIMBAA). With the long history of developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs for cruciferous vegetables and the experience from 16 years of working on Bt crucifers, it is apparent that no other Bt crop has a larger knowledge base for IPM and resistance management than Bt crucifers for control of P. xylostella.
机译：2006年，表达来自芽孢杆菌（BT）的杀虫蛋白（BT）的棉花和玉米植物在32.1亿公顷。已经开发了许多其他BT作物，但尚未商业化。这包括用于控制Diamondback蛾，Plutella Xylostella（L.）和其他鳞翅目的BT履带器。从1991年开始，我们的协作计划开发了一种使用Bt Crucifers和耐毒性蛋白质的模型系统，以研究1996年商业化的BT棉和BT玉米的抵抗管理策略。这个系统是独一无二的，因为P. Xylostella是由于BT叶状产物的强烈喷涂而唯一对该领域的BT蛋白抗性的唯一昆虫。在过去的16年中，我们已经证明了避难所的价值，用于保护人口中的BT易感等位基因，这一值为BT基因延迟抵抗的演变的价值，以及同时展开含有的单一BT Plantschith的单一BT Plants的风险一个相同的基因。虽然这些调查结果对目前可用的BT作物具有重要性，但这些发现将变得更加重要，因为在发展中国家可以通过特许公共伙伴关系，在亚洲和非洲（CIMBAA）对昆虫管理的合作，BT二韵队可能会在发展中国家提供合作。随着历史悠久的发展综合虫害管理（IPM）用于十字架蔬菜的计划以及从16年工作的BT Crucifers工作的经验，显然没有其他BT作物对IPM和阻力管理的知识基础比BT Clucifers对Xylostella的控制。

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