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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds >Establishment, spread and initial impacts of Gratiana boliviana (Chrysomelidae) on Solatium viarum in Florida
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Establishment, spread and initial impacts of Gratiana boliviana (Chrysomelidae) on Solatium viarum in Florida

机译：Gratian Bolivian（Chrysomelidae）在佛罗里达州日光浴道路的建立，传播和初始影响

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Solarium viarum Dunal (Solanaceae) is an invasive perennial shrub in southeastern USA. Native to South America, it was first found in Florida in 1988, and it has already invaded more than 400,000 ha of grasslands and conservation areas in 11 states. Currently recommended control tactics for this weed in pastures are based on herbicide applications combined with mechanical (mowing) practices. These control tactics provide a temporary solution and can cost as much as $188/ha for dense infestations of the weed. A biological control project against S. viarum was initiated in 1997. After 3 years of intensive host-specificity testing, the South American leaf beetle Gratiana boliviana was approved for field release by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)-Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) in 2003, and its release in Florida began in summer 2003. Up to now, approximately 120,000 beetles have been released in 25 counties in Florida. The beetles established at virtually all the release sites in Florida. Beetle dispersal has been based on plant availability with annual dispersal from 1.6 to 16 km/year from the release sites. Initial impacts of the beetles range from 30% to 100% plant defoliation. The fruit production declined from 40 to 55 fruits per plant in summer 2003, when beetles were released, to zero or a few deformed fruits (one to four per plant) 2 years post release in five of the release sites monitored. Mass rearing, field release and post-release evaluation of G. boliviana and the target plant will continue during 2008.
机译：日光浴室Dunal（Solanaceae）是美国东南部的侵略性常年灌木。原产于南美洲，它于1988年在佛罗里达州发现，已经在11个州入侵了超过40万公顷的草原和保护区。目前推荐的牧场的控制策略基于除草剂应用与机械（割草）做法相结合。这些控制策略提供了临时解决方案，可以花费多达188美元/公顷的杂草侵扰。在1997年启动了针对调用杆菌的生物控制项目。经过3年的密集宿主特异性测试，南美叶甲虫Gratiana Boliviana被美国农业部（USDA）的田间释放批准 - animal和植物健康2003年的检验服务（APHI） - 植物保护和检疫（PPQ）及其在佛罗里达州的释放开始于2003年夏季。到目前为止，佛罗里达州的25个县已经发布了大约120,000个甲虫。在佛罗里达州几乎所有的释放地点都建立了甲虫。甲虫分散基于植物可用性，从释放地点的1.6到16公里/年度的年度分散。甲虫的初始影响范围为30％至100％植物脱落。 2003年夏季，果实产量下降了40至55份果实，当甲虫被释放到零或几个变形的水果（每株一到四个）2年后，在监测的五个释放网站中发布。 2008年，对玻利维亚岛和目标工厂的大规模饲养，野外释放和释放后评价将继续。

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