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Host plant as an organizer of microbial evolution in the beneficial symbioses

机译：宿主植物作为有益的共混物中微生物演进的组织者

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Evolution of beneficial plant-microbe symbioses is presented as a result of selective processes induced by hosts in the associated microbial populations. These processes ensure a success of "genuine mutualists" (which benefit the host, often at the expense of their own fitness) in competition with "symbiotic cheaters" (which consume the resources provided by host without expressing the beneficial traits). Using a mathematical model describing the cyclic microevolution of rhizobia-legume symbiosis, we suggest that the selective pressures in favor of N2-fixing (Fix~+) strains operate within the in planta bacterial population due to preferential allocation of C resources into Fix~+ nodules (positive partners' feedbacks). Under the clonal infection of nodules, Fix~+ strains ("genuine mutualists") are supported by the group (inter-deme, kin) selection while under the mixed infections, this selection is ineffective since the Fix~+ strains are over-competed by Fix~- ones ("symbiotic cheaters") in the nodular habitats. Nevertheless, under mixed infections, Fix~+ strains may be supported due to the coevolutionary responses form plant population which induce the mutualism-specific types of natural (group, individual) selection including the frequency dependent selection implemented in rhizobia population during the competition for host infection. Using the model of multi-strain bacterial competition for inoculation of symbiotic (rhizospheric, nodular) habitats, we demonstrate that the individual selection in favor of host-specific mutualist genotypes is more intensive than in favor of non-host-specific genotypes correlating the experimental data on the coordinated increases of symbiotic efficiency and specificity in the rhizobia-legume coevolution. However, an overall efficiency of symbiotic system is maximal when the non-host-specific mutualists are present in rhizobia population, and selection in favor of these mutualists operating at the whole population level is of key importance for improving the symbiosis. Construction of the agronomically valuable plant-microbe systems should provide the optimization of host-specific versus non-host-specific mutualists' composition in legume inoculants combined with the clonal penetration of these mutualists into the nodules.
机译：由于在相关的微生物群体中宿主诱导的选择性方法，提出了有益植物微生物共混物的演化。这些过程确保了“真正的互动主义者”（往往在与“共生欺骗者”竞争中的“真正的互动主义者”（往往以牺牲自己的健身）（韩国人骗子“（宿主提供的资源）的成功取得了成功，而不表达受益特征）。使用描述Rhizobia-豆科植物豆荚共生的循环微观力的数学模型，我们建议由于C资源优先分配到Fix〜+，有利于N2固定（固定〜+）菌株的选择性压力在植物组织中运行。结节（积极合作伙伴的反馈）。在结节的克隆感染下，固定〜+菌株（“真正的互相主义者”）由组（互相互相）的选择，同时在混合感染下，这种选择是无效的，因为固定〜+菌株被过度竞争在结节栖息地的修复〜 - 〜（“共生骗子”）。然而，在混合感染下，由于诱导植物群体的共同抑制的植物群体，可以支持固定〜+菌株，该植物群体诱导包括在竞争对手期间根瘤菌种群中所实施的频率依赖性选择的植物群体感染。利用多菌菌细菌竞争模型接种共生（根脱石，结节性）栖息地，我们证明了有利于宿主特异性的互动基因型的选择比以支持实验性相关的非宿主特异性基因型更加强烈。有关根虫豆科植物共同效率和特异性的协调增加的数据。然而，当非宿主特异性的互联者存在于根茎种群中时，共生体系的总体效率是最大的，并且选择对整个人口水平运营的这些共同主义者的选择是改善共生的重要意义。该植物 - 微生物系统的构建应在肉豆蔻植物中提供宿主特异性与非宿主特异性互联人的组合物的优化，这些植入物与这些互联网分子渗透到结节中的克隆渗透。

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