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Study on the Optimum Extraction Conditions and Antibacterial Activities in Vitro of Total Flavonoids from Grape Leaves

机译：葡萄叶中总黄酮体外的最佳提取条件及抗菌活性研究

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The optimum extraction process of total flavonoids from grape leaves and their antibacterial activities in vitro were investigated. Total flavonoids were extracted by Soxhlet extraction. The content of total flavonoids in grape leaves was determined with aluminum nitrate chromogenic Spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by K-B and agar diffusion method. The antibacterial test was done respectively by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, and choosing Staphylococcus aureus as the indicator organisms for the most obvious antibacterial effect. The single-factor test and orthogonal test taken the extraction rate of total flavonoids and the diameter of inhibition zone as index. Linear regression with concentration and absorbance of rutin standard solution, the regression equation was Y = 0.3295X + 0.0012 (R2= 0.995), and the linear range was 0.4 ～ 2.0mg/mL. The content and extraction rate of total flavonoids in grape leaves were calculated according to the regression equation. Magnitude order of the effect of the four factors on the extraction rate and the antibacterial activities of total flavonoids in grape leaves was extraction temperature> the concentration of ethanol> reflux time> ratio of material to liquid. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: the concentration of ethanol (90%), ratio of material to liquid (1:40), extraction temperature (80°C), the extraction time (3.5h). The average extraction rate of total flavonoids in grape leaves under the optimum extraction conditions was 7.16%. Total flavonoids in grape leaves had a significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the effect on Staphylococcus aureus was the most obvious, but on Bacillus subtilis was not very remarkble.
机译：研究了葡萄叶中总黄酮的最佳提取过程及其体外抗菌活性。通过Soxhlet萃取提取总黄酮。用硝酸铝发色分光光度法测定葡萄叶中总黄酮的含量。通过K-B和琼脂扩散法测定抗菌活性。抗菌试验分别由大肠杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，念珠菌蛋白质，枯草芽孢杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为最明显的抗菌作用的指标生物选择。单因素试验和正交检测从总黄酮的提取率和抑制区的直径作为指数。利用Rutin标准溶液的浓度和吸光度线性回归，回归方程为Y = 0.3295x + 0.0012（R2 = 0.995），线性范围为0.4〜2.0mg / ml。根据回归方程计算葡萄叶中总黄酮的含量和提取率。四种因素对葡萄叶中总黄酮的萃取率和抗菌活性的效果的幅度顺序是提取温度>乙醇的浓度>回流时间>材料与液体的比例。最佳提取条件确定如下：乙醇浓度（90％），材料与液体的比例（1:40），提取温度（80℃），提取时间（3.5h）。在最佳提取条件下，葡萄叶中总黄酮的平均提取率为7.16％。葡萄叶中的总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有显着的抗菌作用，并且对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用是最明显的，但在枯草芽孢杆菌上并不是很重要。

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