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A Solar Disinfection Water Treatment System for Remote Communities

机译：用于远程社区的太阳消毒水处理系统

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Worldwide, approximately 780 million people do not have access to safe and clean water for drinking, cooking or washing. Consumption of untreated water exposes humans to a range of contaminants including faecal-borne pathogens and chemical pollutants. As a consequence, it is estimated that 1.5 million people die each year as a result of the consumption of untreated or contaminated water. These deaths are preventable with access to clean and safe water, but capital costs and maintenance requirements for large-scale treatment systems are prohibitive and challenging to implement in remote or distributed communities. Such remote communities typically suffer from faecal contamination of transient water sources, rather than chemical or radiological contaminants. To address this problem a low-cost continuous-feed water treatment facility has been designed and developed. The facility utilises solar (UVA) radiation to treat pathogens. Additionally, the facility is designed such that it can be manufactured in-situ from limited or improvised resources at low capital and maintenance costs. The system is modular so that multiple systems can be used to increase water treatment capacity as required. Testing indicates that 3 modules of the design can treat 34L of water in 4 hours producing a 4-log reduction in E. Coli (from 8 X 10~5 CFU/ml) with a residence time of less than 30 minutes. This is based on an average solar-based UVA flux ranging from 24 to 36 W/m~2 (time average of 28 W/m~2).
机译：在全球范围内，约7.8亿人无法获得安全和清洁的水饮用，烹饪或洗涤。未经处理的水的消耗将人类暴露于一系列污染物，包括粪便传播的病原体和化学污染物。因此，据估计，每年150万人因消耗未经治疗或受污染的水而死亡。这些死亡可通过获取清洁和安全的水，但大规模治疗系统的资本成本和维护要求是在偏远或分布式社区中实施的禁止和挑战性。这种远程社区通常遭受粪便水源的粪便污染，而不是化学或放射性污染物。为了解决这个问题，设计和开发了低成本的连续供水处理设施。该设施利用太阳能（UVA）辐射来治疗病原体。另外，该设施的设计使得它可以以低资本和维护成本以有限或简易资源制造出原位制造。该系统是模块化的，使得多个系统可用于根据需要提高水处理能力。测试表明，设计的3个模块可以在4小时内处理34L水，在大肠杆菌（来自8×10〜5cfu / ml）中产生4次目录，其停留时间小于30分钟。这是基于平均太阳能的UVA助熔剂，范围为24至36W / m〜2（28 W / m〜2的时间平均值）。

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