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Development of Computer System for Digital Measurement of Human Body: Initial Findings

机译：人体数字测量计算机系统的开发：初始发现

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Background: Microsoft Kinect is used in the field of anthropometry (Sameijma et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2013; Clarkson et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2015), gait analysis (Springer & Seligman, 2016; Pfister et al., 2014; Motiian et al., 2015; Prochazka et al., 2015; Cippitelli et al., 2015), motor performance (Lim et al., 2015; Sevick et al., 2016; Taha et. al., 2016), posture/balance evaluation (Dutta et al., 2014; Metiplay et al., 2013; Oh et al., 2014; Saenz-de-Urturi & Garcia-Zapirain Soto, 2016) and rehabilitation (Galna et al., 2014; Mobini et al., 2015; De Rosario et al., 2014; Shapi'i et al., 2015). Reliability of instruments in clinical and sport application differ, therefore the goal of this research was to initially determine the protocol of validation of a new measuring instrument for digital measurement of anthropometric dimensions of the body (structural and metric). Reliability of results in this paper was tested on three classically and digitally measured anthropometric variables, i.e. height, left forearm length and left lower leg length. Methods: Male and female employees of the Technology Park Zagreb (N=52) volunteered for this research. Subjects were wearing their everyday clothes. Among 471 assessed variables (3 + ((26 * 6)) * 3) three variables from a set of classically measured anthropometric dimensions were extracted - height, length of left forearm and length of left lower leg. Classical measurements were conducted through standard IBP protocols, a Standardized protocol for digital measurement (DM-I) was produced. Data were analyzed by Statistica 12 for Windows operating system. Mean, standard deviation, range, variability coefficient, skewness and kurtosis were used as descriptive parameters, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown alpha, Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown (standardized) alpha. Results: Classically and digitally measured height in average results do not differ significantly, while for lengths of the left forearm and the left lower leg do indicate significant differences (lower values). The differences could be attributed to different reference points used in two measurement methods. Measures of internal consistency (reliability) for digitally measured variables: height of the body, length of left forearm and length of left lower leg demonstrate high reliability (Cronbach alpha, the standardized alpha 0.995 to 0.997) and the average inter-item correlation (0.973 to 0.985), indicates a high internal consistency between items related to digitally measured height. Reliability was slightly lower for digitally measured length of the left forearm and lower leg due to greater differentiation in average inter-item correlations coefficients. Conclusions: Digital measurements with Kinect are not appropriate for clinical trials demanding high precision. There is no statistical evidence that could differentiate distances of examinee from Kinect sensor in order to define optimal distance (as long as subject stands within Kinects range. Small errors occur due to clothing, possibly due to illumination, and sensor height and distance, which is in line with previous research.
机译：背景：微软Kinect在人体测量学的领域中使用，步态分析（施普林格＆塞利格曼，2016;（Sameijma等人，2012; Xu等人，2013; Clarkson等人，2016 Zhang等人，2015年。）。 Pfister等，2014; Motiian等人，2015;普罗恰兹卡等人，2015; Cippitelli等人，2015），电动机的性能（Lim等人，2015; Sevick等人，2016;塔哈等人。，2016），姿势/平衡评估（杜塔等人，2014; Metiplay等人，2013; Oh等人，2014;萨恩斯-DE-Urturi＆加西亚 - Zapirain索托，2016）和康复（Galna等人。，2014; Mobini等人，2015;德罗萨里奥等人，2014; Shapi'i等人，2015）。在临床和体育应用仪器可靠性不同，因此本研究的目标是首先确定新的测量仪器的确认的协议为所述主体（结构和度量）的人体测量尺寸的数字测量。本文结果的可靠性在三个经典和数字测量的人体测量的变量，即高度，左前臂长度和左下腿的长度进行测试。方法：雄性和科技园萨格勒布的女员工（N = 52）自愿参加这项研究。受试者穿着平常的衣服。间471个评估变量（3 +（（26 * 6））* 3）萃取从一组测量经典人体尺寸的三个变量 - 高度，左前臂和左小腿的长度的长度。经典测量通过标准IBP的方案进行，制作了数字测量的标准化协议（DM-I）。数据是由国家统计12适用于Windows操作系统进行分析。均值，标准差，范围，变异系数，偏度和峰度被用作描述性参数，以及Pearson相关系数，斯皮尔曼 - 布朗α，Cronbach的α和斯皮尔曼 - 布朗（标准化）的α。结果：经典和数字测量的高度在平均结果不显著不同，而对于左前臂和左小腿的长度的确表明显著差异（较低的值）。的差异可以归因于在两种测量方法中使用不同的参考点。的内部连贯性（可靠性），用于数字地测量变量措施：所述主体的高度，左前臂的长度和左小腿的长度表现出高可靠性（信度，标准化阿尔法0.995至0.997），平均项目间相关性（0.973至0.985），指示与数字测得的高度项之间的高的内部一致性。可靠性稍低的左前臂和小腿的数字测量长度由于平均项目间相关性系数较大的分化。结论：数字测量与Kinect的不适合进行临床试验，要求精度高。没有统计证据可以以限定最佳距离（只要对象代表内Kinects范围区分Kinect的传感器检体的距离。发生的小误差由于服装，可能是由于照明和传感器的高度和距离，这是与以前的研究路线。

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