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Material and Cost Solutions Used for Construction of Upper Layers of the Road Pavement Structures

机译：用于施工路面结构上层的材料和成本解决方案

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Availability and variety of materials and technologies used for construction of roads allows for searching for solutions which are the best and optimal in the economical range. The article presents the analysis of various design solutions (susceptible, semi-rigid, and rigid pavements) depending on material and cost solutions. In case of susceptible and semi-rigid pavements the first layer subjected to direct influence of traffic and weather conditions is the grindable layer. It may be made from various mineral and asphalt mixtures: stone mastic asphalt (SMA), asphalt concrete (AC), porous asphalt (PA), asphalt concrete for very thin layers (BBTM), and mastic asphalt (MA). The costs of realization of 4 cm of the grindable layer vary from 40.37 PLN to 50.65 PLN (1 PLN = 0.26 USD) depending on used mixture. Another layer in the susceptible and semi-rigid pavements is the binding layer, and the realization cost per 1m~2 of the binding layer e.g. of type B is from 53.46 PLN to 71.37 PLN depending on used mixture and traffic category. The materials used for realization of the binding layer are the mineral and asphalt mixtures, in particular the asphalt concrete of three recommended graining - AC 11, AC 16, and AC 22. The material and cost optimization of the typical solutions of the pavement design, taking all layers into consideration, allowed for determining the "economical" solutions not only for a given traffic category, but also for a given type. Savings in case of the same design types are from approximately 11 PLN to over 12 PLN for the susceptible and semi-rigid design, and from 0.39 PLN to 0.49 PLN in case of realization of 1 m~2 of the rigid design.
机译：用于建造道路的材料和技术的可用性和各种材料和技术允许搜索经济范围最佳和最佳的解决方案。本文根据材料和成本解决方案介绍了各种设计解决方案（易感，半刚性和刚性路面）的分析。在易感和半刚性路面的情况下，经受流量和天气条件的直接影响的第一层是可磨碎的层。它可以由各种矿物质和沥青混合物制成：石髓沥青（SMA），沥青混凝土（AC），多孔沥青（PA），用于非常薄层（BBTM）和乳香沥青（MA）的沥青混凝土。根据使用的混合物，实现4cm的磨削层4厘米的磨削层的成本因40.37pLn（1pln = 0.26 USD）而变化。易感和半刚性路面中的另一层是粘合层，并且每1m〜2的结合层的实现成本例如。 B型取决于使用的混合物和交通类别，为53.46pln至71.37 pln。用于实现粘合层的材料是矿物质和沥青混合物，特别是三个推荐谷物的沥青混凝土，AC 11，AC 16和AC 22。路面设计的典型解决方案的材料和成本优化，考虑所有层次，允许确定“经济性”解决方案不仅用于给定的交通类别，还允许给定类型。在相同的设计类型的情况下节省，对于易感和半刚性设计，在大约11PLn到超过12PLN，在实现1 m〜2的刚性设计的情况下，从0.39pln到0.49 pln。

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