Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Decreasing Anxiety in an Elderly Female Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-case Study

机译：血液透析患者患者减少焦虑的认知行为治疗：一个单案研究

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Personal loss, financial problems, decreasing responsibilities, and chronic disease increase the anxiety levels of individuals as they mature and reach late adulthood. Kidney failure is a chronic disease that is common among the elderly. Its treatment requires the long-term adaptation and lifestyle changes of the patient. Thus, patients with kidney failure often perceive that their disease will influence their future. This perception generates anxiety, which decreases the patient's quality of life, consequently affecting treatment efficacy and worsening the patient's physical condition. Given that high levels of anxiety influence the patient's mental health and disturb medical treatment, the appropriate and timely handling of the patient's medical and psychological issues is necessary. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an intervention that aims to change the patient's perception of their disease. It aims to improve the patient's physical strength and social skills, as well as promote healthy behaviors by providing disease-related psycho-education and strategies for cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and lifestyle management. The potential of CBT as a treatment for several mental illnesses, particularly depression and anxiety, has been investigated. This study aimed to identify the effects of CBT in a patient with kidney failure. The intervention consisted of nine 30-60 min sessions. The result of qualitative assessment through observation and interview indicated that the patient's anxiety symptoms reduced in intensity. The patient began to control her anxiety and able to perform activities independently. She also re-engaged in her preferred activities and stopped focusing on her disease and limitations. This study suggested that intervention with CBT may decrease the intensity of anxiety symptoms.

机译：个人损失，财务问题，减少责任，慢性疾病增加了个人成熟，达到了成年晚期的焦虑水平。肾功能衰竭是一种慢性疾病，在老年人中很常见。其治疗需要患者的长期适应和生活方式变化。因此，肾功能衰竭的患者经常会感知他们的疾病会影响他们的未来。这种感知产生了焦虑，这降低了患者的生活质量，从而影响治疗效果并恶化患者的身体状况。鉴于高水平的焦虑影响患者的心理健康和扰乱医疗，需要适当，及时处理患者的医疗和心理问题。认知行为治疗（CBT）是一种旨在改变患者对疾病的看法的干预。它旨在通过提供与疾病相关的心理教育和认知重组，放松和生活方式管理来提高患者的体力和社会技能，促进健康行为。 CBT作为几种精神疾病，特别是抑郁症和焦虑的治疗的潜力。本研究旨在识别CBT在肾功能衰竭患者中的影响。干预由九个30-60分钟的课程组成。通过观察和面试进行定性评估结果表明，患者的焦虑症状强度降低。患者开始控制她的焦虑，能够独立地进行活动。她还重新从事她的首选活动，并停止关注她的疾病和局限性。本研究表明，对CBT的干预可能会降低焦虑症状的强度。

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《International Conference of Intervention and Applied Psychology》|2018年|494p|共9页
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作者
C. S. Indah Gunarti; Lifina Dewi Pohan;
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中图分类 B84-53;
关键词
Anxiety; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Hemodialysis; Kidney failure;

机译：焦虑;认知行为疗法;血液透析;肾功能衰竭;

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机译：基于正念的认知疗法（MBCT）和认知行为疗法（CBT）对减轻慢性下腰痛患者的疼痛，抑郁和焦虑的效果
4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Decreasing Anxiety in an Elderly Female Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-case Study [C] . C. S. Indah Gunarti, Lifina Dewi Pohan International Conference of Intervention and Applied Psychology . 2018

机译：血液透析患者患者减少焦虑的认知行为治疗：一个单案研究
5. MITIGATION OF DEPRESSION AS A FUNCTION OF TRAINING IN SELF CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY (PSYCHOTHERAPY, CHRONIC ILLNESS, BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE) [D] . ROGERS, PAULETTE ANNE 1984

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6. The Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on Anger in Female Students with Misophonia: A Single-Case Study [O] . Khadijeh Roushani PhD, Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand PhD 2021

机译：认知行为治疗对含有混溶性的女性愤怒的有效性：单一案例研究
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Decreasing Anxiety in an Elderly Female Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-case Study

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