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Exploring Non-Tariff Measures Facing the Indonesian Agricultural Products in FTA/CEPA Trading Partners

机译：在FTA / CEPA贸易伙伴中探索面临印度尼西亚农产品的非关税措施

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Agriculture is an important sector for Indonesian economy with 21.8% contribution to non-oil and gas export, but it is observed that Indonesian agricultural products face challenges in complying with stringent non-tariff measures (NTMs) imposed by importing countries, mainly on SPS and TBT. This article tries to address some NTMs issues on Indonesian agricultural export products particularly the prevalence of NTMs using frequency ratio (FR), coverage ratio (CR) and regulatory distances (RD) analysis. This study utilizes data from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). The study shows that Indonesia's ability to get better market access to its major trading partners depend on its ability to comply with SPS and TBT measures, and this is reflected in their high prevalent index. However, the average coverage ratio on Indonesian agricultural exports is only 13%, implying that NTMs policy on agriculture products imposed by Indonesian FTA/CEPA trading partners impacted only 13% of Indonesian agriculture export products. The RD of agricultural products between Indonesia and some of its main FTA/CEPA partners is 0.011with Pakistan and Singapore, and 0.09 with the Philippines and Australia. The finding reveals that there is a "core" of countries with similar NTM patterns at the product level on animal and food regulations.,. Indonesia is encouraged to address NTMs issues with its FTA/CEPA trading partners, in particular on any stringent NTMs and procedural obstacles related to SPS and TBT implementation as they often burden exporters.
机译：农业是印尼经济的重要部门与非石油和天然气出口21.8％的贡献，但据观察，印尼农产品面临的挑战与严格的非关税措施（非关税措施）符合规定的进口国，主要是对SPS和TBT。本文试图解决印尼出口农产品使用频率比（FR），覆盖率（CR）和监管的距离（RD）分析非关税措施的特别盛行的一些非关税措施的问题。这项研究利用了世界贸易综合解决方案（WITS）数据。研究表明，印尼去其主要贸易伙伴的市场准入能力取决于它符合SPS和TBT措施的能力，这体现在其高流行指数。然而，印尼农产品出口的平均覆盖率只有13％，这意味着对印尼FTA / CEPA贸易伙伴征收农产品的非关税措施的政策影响，只有13％的印尼农业出口产品。印度尼西亚和它的一些主要FTA / CEPA合作伙伴之间的农产品的RD是0.011with巴基斯坦和新加坡，和0.09菲律宾和澳大利亚。这一发现表明，有一个国家的“核心”与动物和食品法规的产品水平相似NTM图案。，。印尼鼓励非关税措施地址问题同其FTA / CEPA的贸易伙伴，特别是在有关SPS和TBT执行，因为他们往往负担出口商的非关税措施的严格和程序障碍。

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