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Development and Implementation of an Accelerated Method for Chlorine Dioxide Exposure

机译：二氧化碳暴露加速方法的开发与实施

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In potable water distribution systems polyethylene (PE) pipes have been successfully used for several decades. In many applications chlorine disinfectants are frequently used to avoid harmful changes in the quality of water. Considering the intense oxidative ability of these substances, it is crucial to determine their influence on the degradation of pipe materials in long-term applications. At Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), a new device for material exposure under specific chlorine dioxide (ClO_2) conditions was developed which allows significantly accelerated exposure of PE pipe materials. Preliminary tests were conducted in order to ensure stable exposure conditions during several weeks regarding temperature, pH value, ClO_2 concentration and oxidative reduction potential (ORP) within a specified accuracy. Two PE grades for pipe applications were selected for conditioning and material testing. Dumbbell specimens of 1 mm thickness were punched out of compression molded sheets and fixed in an especially developed specimen holder made of chlorine resistant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The samples were exposed at 60 °C, 1 ppm of ClO_2, pH of 6.8 resulting in an ORP of 550 mV and removed after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Based on subsequent tensile tests, thermal analysis (DSC) and IR-spectroscopy (FTIR) a significant change in the mechanical properties as well as a thermo-oxidation was detected, emphasizing the effect of ClO_2 on the physical and chemical aging of the materials even after one week of exposure. Optical surface investigation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the significant degradation of the materials revealing several micro cracks all over the specimen surfaces. The first results determined with the new exposure device show the potential of this technique for a tremendous reduction of testing time in order to study the degradation characteristics of polymeric materials under ClO_2 exposure. Such information is of high importance to optimize the stabilization of polymers or to develop new stabilizers with improved effectivity.
机译：在饮用水分配系统中，聚乙烯（PE）管已成功使用数十年。在许多应用中，氯消毒剂经常用于避免水质量的有害变化。考虑到这些物质的强烈氧化能力，重要的是确定它们对长期应用中管材料降解的影响至关重要。在聚合物竞争力中心Leoben GmbH（PCCL）中，开发了一种用于在二氧化氯（CLO_2）条件下的材料暴露的新装置，其允许PE管材料的显着加速暴露。进行初步试验，以确保在特定准确度的温度，pH值，ClO_2浓度和氧化还原电位（ORP）的几周内确保稳定的暴露条件。选择用于管道应用的两种PE等级用于调节和材料测试。将哑铃标本厚度为1mm厚的压缩模塑板，并固定在耐氯耐氯氟乙烯（PTFE）制成的特别开发的样品支架中。将样品在60℃下暴露，1ppm的ClO_2，pH为6.8，得到550mV的ORP，并在1,2和3周后除去。基于随后的拉伸试验，检测到热分析（DSC）和IR-光谱（FTIR）检测到机械性能的显着变化以及热氧化，强调CLO_2对材料的物理和化学老化的影响在一周的暴露后。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行光学表面调查（SEM）证实了材料的显着降解显示在样品表面上的几个微裂缝。用新的曝光装置确定的第一结果表明了该技术的潜力，以巨大地减少测试时间，以研究CLO_2暴露下聚合物材料的降解特性。这些信息具有很高的重要性，以优化聚合物的稳定或开发具有改善效果的新稳定剂。

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