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Frameworks for Productivity Science of Machine Effort and Human Effort

机译：生产力科学的框架和人力努力的生产力科学

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Industrial engineering as a discipline emerged out of the efforts of engineers to take active part in managing engineering organizations and in reducing cost of production. Studying management and methods of production using scientific method was practiced and advocated to the community of engineers by F.W. Taylor. Taylor did considerable work on the productivity of machine tools and machine shop and made results of his scientific experiments public after 30 years of research. Frank Gilbreth followed Taylor in developing the initial model for study of motions of men. From the published works of Taylor and Gilbreth, the frameworks for scientific study of machine effort and human effort can be described and some studies that follow those frameworks and develop the science further can also be identified. Developments in productivity science will accelerate innovation in productivity engineering. Productivity engineering is a core function of industrial engineering and its augmented version industrial and systems engineering. In the paper, the frameworks used by Taylor and Gilbreth are described in detail and some further studies following the tradition are identified and the contents of the papers are briefly reviewed to present the roadmap for further development of productivity science in the area of machine effort and human effort. Machine effort includes all engineering aspects of an engineering system and human effort includes all human factors and its interface with engineering factors. The variables that can increase productivity are likely to be different in machines and devices of each specific branch of engineering. Therefore, development of productivity science of machine effort has to be initiated in each branch of engineering.
机译：工业工程作为一项学科，出现了工程师在管理工程组织和降低生产成本中的积极参与活动。使用科学方法研究管理和生产方法，由F.W. Taylor倡导工程师社区。泰勒对机床和机器商店的生产率做出了相当大的工作，并在研究30年后公开了他的科学实验结果。弗兰克吉尔格在泰勒遵循泰勒在开发学习运动的初始模型方面。从泰勒和吉尔格的公布作品，可以描述对机器努力和人力努力的科学研究的框架，并且还可以识别遵循这些框架和发展科学的研究。生产力科学的发展将加速生产力工程的创新。生产力工程是工业工程的核心功能及其增强版工业和系统工程。本文中，泰勒和吉尔格所用的框架详细描述了传统之后的一些进一步的研究，并简要审查了论文的内容，以展示了在机器努力领域进一步发展生产力科学的路线图和人力努力。机器努力包括工程系统的所有工程方面，人类努力包括所有人类因素及其与工程因素的界面。可以提高生产率的变量可能在工程的每个特定分支的机器和设备中不同。因此，在工程的每个分支中，必须启动生产率的生产力科学的开发。

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