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Air to Air Refuelling in Civil Aviation, An Opportunity A Vision

机译:民航空空加油,机遇与愿景

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Over the last 70 years, the civil aviation industry has focussed on a growth model: upwards, bigger,rnfarther and faster on an economic productivity basis. With awareness of environmental issues, noise,rnemissions and energy / fossil fuel reserves, there is an awakening for exploring ways to improve fuelrnefficiency. ACARE & NASA objectives call for challenging 50 to 80% improvements over next 20 years.rnAs technology matures, the evolutionary ways are yielding improvements at a very slow rate. Operationalrnstrategies need to be exploited e.g. staging, Air-to-Air Refuelling (AAR), Close Formation Flying (CFF).rnThis paper is concerned with AAR. It reviews the related previous work e.g. on a new set of efficiencyrnmetrics that allow a “unified” consistent efficiency theme relating Payload, Range, Fuel consumed.rnSmaller range aircraft need to be used for AAR and these imply 30 – 40% benefits in fuel usage.rnAssuming fuel at $4.70/USG, the savings estimates with AAR are remarkable: $175/pax for 6000nm andrn$320/pax for 9000nm. These translate to savings $25 million per aircraft per year on long-range routes.rnThe main focus is then on the consequences of adopting AAR. Several other features and synergisticrnbenefits arise. The benefits afforded by AAR appear an order greater than, and in addition to, thosernachieved by current technology evolution. Next stage is AAR demonstration in civil context!
机译:在过去的70年中,民航业一直专注于增长模式:在经济生产力的基础上向上,更大,更远,更快。意识到环境问题,噪音,排放和能源/化石燃料的储备后,人们开始觉醒,探索提高燃油效率的方法。 ACARE和NASA的目标是在未来20年内挑战50%到80%的改进。随着技术的成熟,进化的方式正在以非常缓慢的速度产生改进。需要利用运营策略,例如分阶段,空对空加油(AAR),近程编队飞行(CFF)。rn本文涉及AAR。它审查了相关的先前工作,例如一套新的效率度量标准,允许使用“有效载荷”,“范围”和“燃料消耗”相关的“统一”一致的效率主题。rn需要将较小范围的飞机用于AAR,这意味着可节省30-40%的燃料使用。rn假设燃料价格为$ 4.70 / USG ,使用AAR的节省成本估计是惊人的:6000nm为175美元/人,9000nm为320美元/人。这意味着在远程航线上,每架飞机每年可节省2500万美元。rn然后,主要重点是采用AAR的后果。出现了其他一些特征和协同效益。 AAR所带来的好处似乎要比当前技术发展所带来的好处要大得多,而且还要额外。下一步是在民用环境中进行AAR示范!

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