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Air to Air Refuelling in Civil Aviation, An Opportunity A Vision

机译：空中航空的空气加油，机会和愿景

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Over the last 70 years, the civil aviation industry has focussed on a growth model: upwards, bigger, farther and faster on an economic productivity basis. With awareness of environmental issues, noise, emissions and energy / fossil fuel reserves, there is an awakening for exploring ways to improve fuel efficiency. ACARE & NASA objectives call for challenging 50 to 80% improvements over next 20 years. As technology matures, the evolutionary ways are yielding improvements at a very slow rate. Operational strategies need to be exploited e.g. staging, Air-to-Air Refuelling (AAR), Close Formation Flying (CFF). This paper is concerned with AAR. It reviews the related previous work e.g. on a new set of efficiency metrics that allow a “unified” consistent efficiency theme relating Payload, Range, Fuel consumed. Smaller range aircraft need to be used for AAR and these imply 30 – 40% benefits in fuel usage. Assuming fuel at $4.70/USG, the savings estimates with AAR are remarkable: $175/pax for 6000nm and $320/pax for 9000nm. These translate to savings $25 million per aircraft per year on long-range routes. The main focus is then on the consequences of adopting AAR. Several other features and synergistic benefits arise. The benefits afforded by AAR appear an order greater than, and in addition to, those achieved by current technology evolution. Next stage is AAR demonstration in civil context!
机译：在过去的70年中，民航业侧重于增长模式：以经济生产力为基础向上，更大，更远，更快。凭借对环境问题，噪音，排放和能源/化石燃料储备的认识，探讨了提高燃油效率的方法令人敬畏。 Acare＆Nasa目标呼吁在未来20年内挑战50％至80％。随着技术的成熟，进化方式以非常慢的速度产生改进。操作策略需要被利用。分期，空调 - 空气加油（AAR），近地形成飞行（CFF）。本文涉及AAR。它评论了上一项相关的工作。在一组新的效率指标，允许“统一”一致效率主题相关的有效载荷，范围，消耗的燃料。较小的范围飞机需要用于AAR，这些飞机暗示燃料使用中的30-40％。假设燃料价格为4.70美元/ USG，储蓄估算估计是卓越的：6000nm的$ 175 / pax和9000nm的320美元/ pax。这些转化为每年节省2500万美元的远程路线。那么主要重点是采用AAR的后果。出现了其他几种特征和协同效益。 AAR所提供的益处似乎是大于，除了当前技术演变而实现的订单。下一阶段是民间背景的AAR演示！

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