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AM-FM Techniques in Optical Coherence Tomography

机译：相干层析成像中的AM-FM技术

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The early stages of malignant diseases, such as cancer, are characterized by cellular and microstructural changes which define both the diagnosis and the prognosis of the disease. Unfortunately, at the current resolution of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), such changes associated with early cancer are not clearly discernible. However, spectral analysis of OCT images has recently shown that additional information can be extracted from those signals, resulting in improved contrast which is directly related to scatterer size changes. Amplitude Modulation - Frequency Modulation (AM-FM) analysis is a fast and accurate technique which can also be applied to the OCT images for estimation of spectral information. It is based on the analytic signal of the real data, obtained using a Hilbert Transform, and provides the instantaneous amplitude, phase, and frequency of an OCT signal. The performance of this method is superior to both FFT-based and parametric (e.g. autoregressive) spectral analysis providing better accuracy and faster convergence when estimating scatterer features. Since disease tissues exhibit variations in scatterer size and thus also exhibit marked differences in spectral and phase characteristics, such advanced analysis techniques can provide more insight into the subtle changes observed in OCT images of malignancy. Therefore, they can make available a tool which could prove extremely valuable for the investigation of disease features which now remain below the resolution of OCT and improved the technology's diagnostic capabilities.
机译：恶性疾病（如癌症）的早期阶段以细胞和微结构变化为特征，这些变化定义了疾病的诊断和预后。不幸的是，在目前的光学相干断层扫描（OCT）分辨率下，与早期癌症相关的这种变化尚不清楚。但是，OCT图像的频谱分析最近显示，可以从那些信号中提取其他信息，从而提高对比度，这与散射体尺寸的变化直接相关。调幅-调频（AM-FM）分析是一种快速而准确的技术，也可以应用于OCT图像以估计频谱信息。它基于使用希尔伯特变换获得的实际数据的分析信号，并提供OCT信号的瞬时幅度，相位和频率。该方法的性能优于基于FFT的分析和参数化（例如自回归）光谱分析，在估算散射体特征时可提供更高的准确性和更快的收敛性。由于疾病组织在散射体大小上表现出差异，因此在光谱和相位特征上也表现出显着差异，因此这种先进的分析技术可以提供对在OCT恶性肿瘤图像中观察到的细微变化的更多见解。因此，他们可以提供一种工具，该工具可能被证明对研究疾病特征极其有价值，而这些疾病特征目前仍低于OCT的分辨率，并提高了该技术的诊断能力。

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