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Vicis

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Process scaling has given designers billions of transistors to work with. As feature sizes near the atomic scale, extensive variation and wearout inevitably make margining uneconomical or impossible. The ElastIC project seeks to address this by creating a large-scale chip-multiprocessor that can self-diagnose, adapt, and heal. Creating large, flexible designs in this environment naturally lends itself to the repetitive nature of network-on-chip (NoC), but the loss of a single link or router will result in complete network failure. In this work we present Vicis, an ElastIC-style NoC that can tolerate the loss of many network components due to wearout induced hard faults. Vicis uses the inherent redundancy in the network and its routers in order to maintain correct operation while incurring a much lower area overhead than previously proposed N-modular redundancy (NMR) based solutions. Each router has a built-in-self-test (BIST) that diagnoses the locations of hard fault and runs a number of algorithms to best use ECC, port swapping, and a crossbar bypass bus to mitigate them. The routers work together to run distributed algorithms to solve network-wide problems as well, protecting the networking against critical failures in individual routers. In this work we show that with stuck-at fault rates as high as 1 in 2000 gates, Vicis will continue to operate with approximately half of its routers still functional and communicating.
机译:工艺缩放已使设计人员可以使用数十亿个晶体管。由于特征尺寸接近原子尺度,因此不可避免的大范围变化和磨损将使边际化变得不经济或不可能。 ElastIC项目试图通过创建可以自我诊断,适应和修复的大型芯片多处理器来解决这一问题。在这种环境中创建大型,灵活的设计自然会使其具有片上网络(NoC)的重复性,但是丢失单个链路或路由器将导致完全的网络故障。在这项工作中,我们介绍了Vicis,这是一种ElastIC风格的NoC,可以容忍由于磨损引起的硬故障而导致的许多网络组件的丢失。 Vicis使用网络及其路由器中的固有冗余,以便在保持正确操作的同时,比先前提出的基于N模块化冗余(NMR)的解决方案产生的区域开销低得多。每个路由器都有一个内置的自测(BIST),可以诊断硬故障的位置,并运行多种算法以最好地使用ECC,端口交换和交叉开关旁路总线来缓解这些故障。路由器协同工作以运行分布式算法,以解决整个网络范围的问题,从而保护网络免受单个路由器中的严重故障的影响。在这项工作中,我们表明,在2000个门中故障率高达1的情况下,Vicis将继续运行,其中大约一半的路由器仍可正常工作并可以通信。

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