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The Safety Design Strategy of Stadium as Earthquake Shelter

机译：体育场作为避难所的安全设计策略

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Earthquake emergency shelter is one of the basic space medium for disaster response & assistance and a significant part of emergency relief in the urban space system. Stadium is able to evacuate large crowds instantaneously, therefore it becomes an essential shelter during disasters. During the 5.12 Sichuan Earthquake in 2008, some stadiums at the forefront of disaster played an important role in reception and housing the homeless. According to official statistics from the Mianyang City Earthquake Relief Headquarters, there were 30 000-40 000 quake-affected people settled in the stadiums and gymnasiums during the first 5 days after the earthquake. Stadiums have always been designated as emergency shelter in America (Figure 1), such as Ford Center in Oklahoma City was appointed as a typhoon shelter; Giants Stadium in New Jersey and Shea Stadium in New York served for disaster transfer facilities since the 9/11 Events; Superdome in New Orleans and Astrodome in Houston took up of sheltering victims during the Hurricane Katrina in 2007. Japan attached great importance to disaster prevention and control, accumulated much experience of emergency shelter construction. Mostly their disaster prevention facilities combined with sports facilities and city parks, Disaster Preparing Center, Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and natural environments together constituted country scope wide-area disaster prevention base.
机译：地震应急避难所是灾害响应和援助的基本空间媒介之一，也是城市空间系统中紧急救济的重要组成部分。体育场能够即时疏散大量人群，因此成为灾难发生时必不可少的避难所。在2008年的5.12四川地震中，位于灾区最前沿的一些体育馆在接待和安置无家可归者方面发挥了重要作用。根据绵阳市抗震救灾总部的官方统计，地震发生后的前5天，有3万至4万名受地震影响的人定居在体育馆和体育馆内。在美国，体育场馆一直被指定为紧急避难所（图1），例如俄克拉荷马城的福特中心被指定为台风避难所；自9/11事件以来，新泽西州的巨人体育场和纽约的Shea体育场一直用作灾难转移设施； 2007年卡特里娜飓风期间，新奥尔良的Superdome和休斯顿的Astrodome接管了避难所。日本高度重视防灾和防灾工作，积累了许多应急避难所建设经验。它们的防灾设施大多与体育设施和城市公园相结合，防灾准备中心，防止虐待动物协会和自然环境共同构成了全国范围的广域防灾基地。

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