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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program(AMOP) Technical Seminar vol.1 >Allocation of Multiple, Widely Spread Oil Spills Associated With one Polluter: GC-MS fingerprinting and Diagnostic Ratios of Spilled Oil and Oiled Seabirds
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Allocation of Multiple, Widely Spread Oil Spills Associated With one Polluter: GC-MS fingerprinting and Diagnostic Ratios of Spilled Oil and Oiled Seabirds

机译：与一个污染者相关联的多次广泛传播的溢油事故的分配：溢油和涂油海鸟的GC-MS指纹图谱和诊断率

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A series of oil spills following a slight grounding of a Cypriot cargo ship in the Great Belt, Denmark, were observed during late January/early February 2005. The spills were scattered in a large area around the Great Belt, and some 50 samples including spilled oil (waterborne and stranded) and samples from oiled seabirds were collected and send for analysis at NERI together with reference samples of heavy bunker oil from the suspected Cypriot vessel. All samples were screened by GC-FID and selected samples subsequently analysed by GC-MS/SIR fingerprinting according to a draft CEN technical guideline for oil spill identification. From the GC-MS/SIR ion chromato-grams, 33 diagnostic ratios were generated and compared statistically (i.e. spill vs. reference) using a repeatability limit of 20% as criteria for match or non-match. Spill samples (waterborne and stranded) generally showed an almost perfect match of diagnostic ratios and chromatograms with the reference bunker oils and on average had just one ratio slightly exceeding the 20% repeatability limit. These spill samples therefore match the reference oil and can be allocated to the spill associated with the Cypriot cargo ship. Samples collected from oiled seabirds were less similar and showed greater variations of diagnostic ratios. Not only weathering and biodegradation, but also contamination by non-petrogenic material from the birds can probably explain some of the observed variations. Thus, samples collected about two weeks after the spill in the southern part of the affected region mostly showed only minor variations from the reference source oil with 4-5 diagnostic ratios exceeding the repeatability limit. These samples, therefore, represent a possible match with the reference oil and can possibly be allocated to the suspected vessel. Samples from oiled seabirds that were collected 3-4 weeks after the spill in the northern part of the affected region showed much greater variations of diagnostic ratios with the reference bunker oils. As both ratios based on recalcitrant compounds (biomarkers) and less recalcitrant compounds (PAHs) were affected it may not be possible to explain the deviations purely by weathering and biodegradation. Contamination from non-petrogenic material from the seabirds could also explain some of the variations. However, as the affected seabirds probably cover a large area during feeding, input from other potential sources cannot be positively ruled out. The oiled seabirds from the northern locations, therefore, represent non-match samples, that based on this study eventually cannot be allocated to the spill associated with the suspected vessel.
机译：在2005年1月下旬/ 2月上旬，在丹麦大带的一艘塞浦路斯货船被轻微搁浅后，发生了一系列漏油事件。这些漏油散布在大带周围的大片区域，包括漏出的大约50个样本收集了油类（水性和滞留性）和上油海鸟的样品，并将其与来自可疑塞浦路斯船只的重质船用参考油样品一起送往NERI进行分析。所有样品均通过GC-FID进行筛选，然后根据CEN技术指南草案（漏油识别）对选定的样品进行GC-MS / SIR指纹分析。根据GC-MS / SIR离子色谱图，使用33％的可重复性极限作为匹配或不匹配的标准，生成了33个诊断比率并进行了统计比较（即溢出与参考）。泄漏样品（水性和滞留样品）通常显示出诊断率和色谱图与参考船用油几乎完全匹配，平均而言，只有一个比率略高于20％的可重复性极限。因此，这些泄漏样品与参考油匹配，可以分配给与塞浦路斯货船相关的泄漏。从涂油的海鸟收集的样品不太相似，并且显示出较高的诊断率差异。不仅风化和生物降解，而且禽类中的非致岩石物质污染也可以解释一些观察到的变化。因此，在受影响地区南部发生泄漏后约两周收集的样品大多显示出与参考源油相比只有很小的变化，诊断比率为4-5，超过了可重复性极限。因此，这些样品可能与参考油相匹配，并可能分配给可疑船舶。在受灾地区北部发生溢油事故后3-4周收集的上油海鸟的样品显示，与参考船用油相比，诊断率变化更大。由于基于顽固性化合物（生物标志物）的比率和较少的顽固性化合物（PAHs）的比率均受到影响，因此不可能仅通过风化和生物降解来解释偏差。海鸟的非致岩石物质的污染也可以解释其中的一些变化。但是，由于在进食过程中受影响的海鸟可能会覆盖较大的区域，因此不能积极排除其他潜在来源的投入。因此，来自北部地区的涂油海鸟代表不匹配样本，根据该研究，这些样本最终无法分配给与可疑船只相关的溢漏。

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