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The Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Survival

机译：肌动蛋白细胞骨架与细胞存活

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The actin cytoskeleton supports the structural integrity of the cell, drives motility and facilitates signaling from growth factors to their effector pathways. Over the last decade the actin cytoskeleton has also been shown to communicate directly to the cell survival machinery. Actin communication predates the well documented Bcl-2 pro-survival pathway since it is the major pathway in yeast. Three examples are discussed in this review. First, a cytoskeletal signaling kinase, Pak, regulates Raf-1 which translocates and phosphorylates Bad, a Bcl-2 binding protein to prevent cell death. In the second example actin is cleaved and transported to mitochondria to promote cell death, while in the third example actin binding proteins including cofilin and CAP1 translocate to mitochondria, again to promote cell death. This pathway shows some similarities to the pathway in yeast. Although there are many gaps in our understanding of cytoskeletal regulation of apoptosis, two properties characterize each of these examples. First, all known cases involve direct communication between the cytoskeleton and the mitochondria and second, the cytoskeleton directs the translocation of proteins, often actin itself, to mitochondria.
机译：肌动蛋白细胞骨架支持细胞的结构完整性，驱动运动并促进从生长因子到其效应子途径的信号传导。在过去的十年中，肌动蛋白的细胞骨架也被证明可以直接与细胞存活机制通讯。肌动蛋白的交流早于有据可查的Bcl-2生存途径，因为它是酵母中的主要途径。在这篇评论中讨论了三个例子。首先，细胞骨架信号激酶Pak调节Raf-1，Raf-1易位并磷酸化Bad（一种Bcl-2结合蛋白）以防止细胞死亡。在第二示例中，肌动蛋白被切割并转运至线粒体以促进细胞死亡，而在第三示例中，肌动蛋白结合蛋白（包括cofilin和CAP1）易位至线粒体，再次促进细胞死亡。该途径显示出与酵母中的途径相似。尽管在我们对细胞凋亡的细胞骨架调节的理解上有许多空白，但是这些实例的每一个都有两个特性。首先，所有已知的病例都涉及细胞骨架与线粒体之间的直接通讯，其次，细胞骨架将通常是肌动蛋白自身的蛋白质易位引导至线粒体。

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