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The contribution of high resolution satellite images to the production of base-maps and cartographies for archaeological research in Turkey and Iraq

机译：高分辨率卫星图像对土耳其和伊拉克考古研究用底图和地图制作的贡献

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The paper concerns the contribution of high resolution satellite images to the production of base-maps and cartographies for archaeological research, using both during field work and in GIS dedicated to Cultural Heritage. Particularly, some experiences conducted during researches on Turkish and Iraqi archaeological sites are presented, where the use of satellite images was necessary because of both large scale cartographies and aero-photogrammetrical photos are not available.rnIn the case of archaeological surveys in Hierapolis of Phrygia (south-western Turkey) they provided a fundamental tool for the research on the ground and for the analysis and management of data in the archaeological GIS of the territory. Ikonos-2 and QuickBird-2 images were ortho-rectified with the use of GCPs (taken with a differential GPS) and with DEMs and DSMs processed thanks different remote sensing data, radar (SRTM) and optical (Ikonos-2 and ASTER stereo-pairs), for the creation of space-maps and the extraction of cartographical elements: these (hydrology, modern topography, field boundaries, archaeological remains and traces, etc.) were used with the aims of the creation of new maps for archaeological purpose (the orography was extracted from DEMs) and the update of the existing ones. In the case of some ancient sites studied for the contextualization of the objects showed in the Virtual Museum of Iraq, high resolution images of the same satellites (and of WorldView-1) were ortho-rectified without GPCs and used for the creation or the update of the archaeological maps (generally very old), on which plans of excavated structures, recent discoveries, and archaeological traces and paleo-environmental elements were geo-referenced.
机译：本文涉及在野外工作期间以及在致力于文化遗产的GIS中使用高分辨率卫星图像对考古研究用底图和制图的贡献。特别是，介绍了在土耳其和伊拉克考古现场进行研究期间所获得的一些经验，由于大型制图和航空摄影测量照片的使用，因此必须使用卫星图像.rn在Phrygia的Hierapolis的考古调查中（在土耳其西南部），它们为实地研究以及该领土考古GIS中的数据分析和管理提供了基本工具。 Ikonos-2和QuickBird-2图像通过使用GCP（通过差分GPS拍摄）以及通过处理DEM和DSM进行了正交校正，这要归功于不同的遥感数据，雷达（SRTM）和光学（Ikonos-2和ASTER立体声-对），用于创建空间地图和提取制图要素：这些要素（水文学，现代地形，田野边界，考古遗迹和痕迹等）用于创建新地图以达到考古目的（地形是从DEM中提取的），并更新了现有的地形。在一些古代遗址研究中，对伊拉克虚拟博物馆中展示的物体进行了背景研究，对这些卫星（以及WorldView-1）的高分辨率图像进行了无GPC正交校正，并用于创建或更新考古图（通常非常古老），其中对挖掘结构，近期发现以及考古遗迹和古环境元素的计划进行了地理参考。

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