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Analysis of the Impact Performance of Ice Hockey Helmets Using Two Different Test Methodologies

机译：两种不同测试方法对冰球头盔冲击性能的分析

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摘要

This paper reports on the results of a study to determine the protective characteristics of ice hockey helmets when tested using two different methodologies. The first methodology involved a traditional monorail drop impact test commonly used in North American ice hockey helmet standards (i.e., ASTM F1045, CSA Z262.1). This involves a guided freefall test onto a flat anvil using an ISO headform fitted with a uniaxial accelerometer at its center of gravity. The second methodology involved striking a Hybrid III head and neck mounted to a linear bearing track with a pendulum impactor. The use of a linear bearing track permitted the Hybrid III headform to move freely following the initial impact. At the distal end of the pendulum, a flat steel anvil was used to represent the impacting object. This configuration was felt to represent a head check from an opposing player, believed to be one of the mechanisms of head injury in ice hockey. Linear and angular acceleration measurements were recorded for all pendulum tests. High speed video was used to capture all headform motion. A total of six different helmet models were evaluated using both test methodologies. Peak linear headform accelerations were compared between helmet models tested using the monorail drop system and the identical helmet model tested using the impact pendulum. The results showed significant differences between helmet models as well as between the two different test methodologies. The implications of these results relative to current ice hockey standards and relative to head injury in ice hockey are discussed.
机译：本文报告了一项研究结果，以确定使用两种不同方法进行测试时冰球头盔的防护特性。第一种方法涉及北美冰球头盔标准（即ASTM F1045，CSA Z262.1）中常用的传统单轨跌落冲击试验。这涉及使用在其重心处装有单轴加速度计的ISO头模在平坦的砧座上进行引导式自由落体测试。第二种方法涉及用摆锤撞击安装在线性轴承轨道上的Hybrid III头枕。线性轴承导轨的使用使Hybrid III头模在受到初始冲击后可以自由移动。在摆的远端，使用扁平的钢砧表示撞击对象。感觉到这种构造代表了来自对方球员的头部检查，被认为是冰球中头部受伤的机制之一。记录所有摆锤测试的线性和角加速度测量值。高速视频用于捕获所有头模运动。使用这两种测试方法对总共六个不同的头盔模型进行了评估。在使用单轨落物系统测试的头盔模型与使用冲击摆测试的相同头盔模型之间，比较了线性头形加速度峰值。结果显示头盔模型之间以及两种不同的测试方法之间存在显着差异。讨论了这些结果相对于当前冰球标准以及冰球头部受伤的含义。

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