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Wind-based Navigation of a Hot-Air Balloon on Titan: A FeasibilityStudy

机译：泰坦上热气球的基于风的导航：一项可行性研究

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Current analysis of data streamed back to Earth by the Cassini spacecraft features Titan as one of the most exciting places in the solar system. NASA centers and universities around the US, as well as the European Space Agency, are studying the possibility of sending, as part of the next mission to this giant moon of Saturn, a hot-air balloon (Montgolfier-type) for further and more in-depth exploration. The basic idea would be to design a reliable, semi-autonomous, and yet cheap Montgolfier capable of using continuous flow of waste heat from a power source to lift the balloon and sustain its altitude in the Titan environment.rnIn this paper we study the problem of locally navigating a hot-air balloon in the nitrogen-based Titan atmosphere. The basic idea is to define a strategy (i.e. design of a suitable guidance system) that allows autonomous and semi-autonomous navigation of the balloon using the available (and partial) knowledge of the wind structure blowing on the saturnian satellite surface. Starting from first principles we determined the appropriate thermal and dynamical models describing (a) the vertical dynamics of the balloon and (b) the dynamics of the balloon moving on a vertical plane (2-D motion). Next, various non-linear fuzzy-based control strategies have been evaluated, analyzed and implemented in MATLAB to numerically simulate the capability of the system to simultaneously maintain altitude, as well as a scientifically desirable trajectory. We also looked at the ability of the balloon to perform station keeping. The results of the simulation are encouraging and show the effectiveness of such a system to cheaply and effectively perform semi-autonomous exploration of Titan.
机译：卡西尼号飞船对流回地球的数据进行的当前分析显示，泰坦是太阳系中最令人兴奋的地方之一。美国航空航天局（NASA）的中心和大学，以及欧洲航天局（European Space Agency），正在研究向下一个土星巨型卫星发送下一个任务的可能性，即向其进一步发射热气球（蒙哥菲尔式）深入探索。基本思想是设计一种可靠的，半自治的，但便宜的Montgolfier，它能够利用来自电源的连续余热来提起气球并在Titan环境中维持其高度。rn在本文中，我们研究了这个问题在以氮为基础的泰坦大气中局部导航热气球的过程。基本思想是定义一种策略（即，设计合适的制导系统），该策略允许使用撒但卫星上吹来的风结构的（部分）知识进行气球的自主和半自主导航。从第一个原理开始，我们确定了适当的热力学模型和动力学模型，这些模型描述了（a）球囊的垂直动力学和（b）球囊在垂直平面（二维运动）上运动的动力学。接下来，已经对各种基于非线性模糊的控制策略进行了评估，分析和在MATLAB中的实现，以数值模拟系统同时保持高度以及科学上期望的轨迹的能力。我们还研究了气球执行站保持的能力。仿真结果令人鼓舞，并显示了这种系统廉价有效地执行Titan的半自主探索的有效性。

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