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Avian influenza in smallholder chicken flocks

机译：小农鸡群中的禽流感

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Avian influenza virus occurs in a number of forms, some of which produce severe disease in chickens and turkeys. A recent outbreak in Asia is caused by a type of the virus that also affects other birds and humans. This virus has become endemic in some countries, and smallholder chickens and ducks may be hiding the virus and spreading it to commercial poultry and humans. With cases reported in a number of Asian countries, there is a risk that it may spread to other regions. A major danger for smallholder farmers is that forms with low pathogenicity may spread unnoticed and then mutate to highly pathogenic forms causing serious disease. Many cases of the disease have occurred in smallholder units in Asia and could well be a problem in other countries as it spreads. The tools used to prevent and control avian influenza are:rn1. education-awareness raising and disease recognitionrn2. biosecurity-isolation from infected and recovered poultry, wild birds, live-poultry markets, fomites (especially manure)rn3. early recognition-monitoring and diagnosisrn4. unofficial measures-voluntary quarantinern5. official measures-diagnosis and stamping out (quarantine, slaughter, disposal and clean-up)rn6. vaccination-inactivated, recombinant, molecular and subunit vaccines. The significance of these approaches for smallholder farmers is discussed.
机译：禽流感病毒以多种形式存在，其中一些会在鸡和火鸡中引起严重疾病。最近在亚洲爆发的这种病毒是由一种病毒引起的，这种病毒也影响其他鸟类和人类。这种病毒在某些国家已成为地方性流行，小农户的鸡鸭可能藏匿该病毒，并将其传播给商业家禽和人类。由于许多亚洲国家都报告了病例，因此有可能传播到其他地区。小农户的主要危险在于，低致病性的形式可能会被忽视而传播，然后变异为高致病性的形式，从而导致严重的疾病。该病的许多病例发生在亚洲的小农户中，随着疾病的蔓延，在其他国家很可能是一个问题。用于预防和控制禽流感的工具有：rn1。提高教育意识和疾病识别从感染和回收的家禽，野禽，活家禽市场，螨虫（尤其是粪便）rn3进行生物安全隔离。早期识别监测和诊断非官方措施-自愿隔离5。官方措施-诊断和淘汰（检疫，屠宰，处置和清理）rn6。疫苗灭活的重组分子和亚单位疫苗。讨论了这些方法对小农的意义。

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