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Control analysis of integrated fuel cell systems with energy recuperation devices.

机译：具有能量回收装置的集成燃料电池系统的控制分析。

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This work is focused on control-oriented analysis of integrated fuel cell systems that incorporate energy recuperation mechanisms. The high complexity of such fuel cell systems calls for precise control and regulation of multiple inputs. The need for robust and efficient steady state and transient operation imposes the need for intelligent control schemes. The models of two fuel cell systems are developed in this work and used for the design of feedback controllers. It is shown, through simulation, that the proposed controllers enhance the performance and meet the operating constraints.; The two plants considered in this dissertation are (i) a catalytic partial oxidation fuel processor system (FPS) coupled with a proton exchange fuel cell and a catalytic burner (CB) and (ii) a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC/GT) system. Both systems rely on energy recuperation devices (ERDs), such as a catalytic burner or a gas turbine, for achieving high fuel efficiency. Through model-based open loop analysis the FPS is shown to exhibit fuel cell H2 starvation and reactor overheating while the SOFC/GT system is prone to shutdown during load transitions without proper feedback in place. It is identified that the transient issues can be resolved through reactant ratio control and load filtering for the FPS and the SOFC/GT systems, respectively.; Using the insights from the open loop analysis, feedback control schemes are designed to address the transient issues. For the FPS, an observer-based linear controller, that utilizes temperature measurements to control the air and fuel flows into the reformer and maintain proper reactant ratios, is proposed. For the SOFC/GT system, a reference governor control scheme is developed to filter the application of the load in order to avoid GT shutdown.; For both systems, the designed control schemes utilize measurements from the ERDs, such as shaft speed or catalytic burner temperature and manage to mitigate the transient operating difficulties. Thus, the ERDs, besides increasing the steady state efficiency of the system by reducing the energy losses, also provide vital measurements for feedback control.
机译：这项工作的重点是结合能量回收机制的集成燃料电池系统的面向控制的分析。这种燃料电池系统的高度复杂性要求对多个输入进行精确的控制和调节。对鲁棒且有效的稳态和瞬态操作的需求，使人们需要智能控制方案。在这项工作中开发了两个燃料电池系统的模型，并将其用于反馈控制器的设计。通过仿真表明，所提出的控制器提高了性能并满足了操作约束。本文考虑的两个工厂是（i）带有质子交换燃料电池和催化燃烧器（CB）的催化部分氧化燃料处理器系统（FPS），以及（ii）混合固体氧化物燃料电池和燃气轮机（SOFC） / GT）系统。两种系统都依赖于能量回收装置（ERD），例如催化燃烧器或燃气轮机，以实现高燃油效率。通过基于模型的开环分析，FPS被证明表现出燃料电池H2饥饿和反应堆过热，而SOFC / GT系统在负载过渡期间容易停机而没有适当的反馈。可以确定分别通过FPS和SOFC / GT系统的反应物比率控制和负载过滤可以解决瞬态问题。利用开环分析的见解，设计反馈控制方案来解决瞬态问题。对于FPS，提出了一种基于观测器的线性控制器，该控制器利用温度测量值来控制空气和燃料流入重整器并保持适当的反应物比率。对于SOFC / GT系统，开发了一种参考调速器控制方案，以过滤负载的应用，从而避免GT停机。对于这两个系统，设计的控制方案都利用了ERD的测量值，例如轴速或催化燃烧器温度，并设法减轻了瞬态运行困难。因此，ERD除了通过减少能量损耗来提高系统的稳态效率外，还为反馈控制提供了重要的测量指标。

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