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Bioaccumulation, Metabolism, and Biological Responses to FiremastersRTM 550 and BZ-54.

机译：对FiremastersRTM 550和BZ-54的生物蓄积，代谢和生物学反应。

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摘要

FiremasterRTM 550 is a replacement for Penta- formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. This formulation includes 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-ethylhexylbenzoate (TBB), 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (TBPH), triaryl phosphate isomers, and triphenyl phosphate. TBB and TBPH have been measured in several environmental matrices, including but not limited to freshwater sediment and marine mammals. However, few studies have assessed their environmental fate or impact. In this thesis, bioavailability, metabolism, and biological responses of TBB and TBPH were investigated in a variety of toxicological model species. Long-term dietary studies were conducted with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). TBB and TBPH bioaccumulated in the fish tissues and debrominated metabolites of TBB were observed. Hepatic DNA damage increased during the exposure, but quickly returned to background levels after the exposure ceased. Exposures were also linked to decreased sperm density in the fathead minnow. Incubations of hepatic sub-cellular fractions (e.g., S9, microsomes, cytosol) with FiremasterRTM BZ-54 were used to determine species specificity of TBB and TBPH metabolism. TBB was metabolized by the fathead minnow, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and mouse (Mus musculus, wild type); but not in the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina). All species examined exhibited a reduction in TBPH, but there were no observable metabolites which suggest that some metabolites may not be effectively extracted using these techniques. Bioaccumulation of TBB and TBPH from sediments was evaluated over 28 days using the California blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus), and chironomid (Chironomus tentans). Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor values of TBB and TBPH in the blackworms were less than those previously reported for Penta-BDEs, the fire retardant formulation these FiremasterRTM chemicals replaced. In chironomids, TBB bioaccumulated to a greater extent than TBPH. These results indicate that bioaccumulation may be a significant transport pathway by which TBB is transported from the aquatic environment as the chironomids emerge as flies. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated that components of FiremasterRTM 550 are capable of bioaccumulation, metabolism, and adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Future studies will need to focus on effects resulting from exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBB and TBPH, further elucidation of their metabolism, and evaluation of the effects of contaminated emergent insects on birds.
机译：FiremasterRTM 550替代了多溴联苯醚（PBDE）阻燃剂的Penta-配方。该制剂包括2,3,4,5-四溴-乙基己基苯甲酸酯（TBB），2,3,4,5-四溴-双（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（TBPH），磷酸三芳基酯异构体和磷酸三苯酯。已经在几种环境基质中测量了TBB和TBPH，包括但不限于淡水沉积物和海洋哺乳动物。但是，很少有研究评估其环境命运或影响。本文研究了多种毒理学模型物种中TBB和TBPH的生物利用度，代谢和生物学响应。用黑头min鱼（Pimephales promelas）进行了长期饮食研究。观察到鱼组织中生物富集了TBB和TBPH，以及TBB的脱溴代谢产物。暴露期间肝DNA损伤增加，但停止暴露后迅速恢复至本底水平。暴露也与黑头min鱼的精子密度降低有关。用FiremasterRTM BZ-54孵育肝亚细胞级分（例如S9，微粒体，胞质溶胶）来确定TBB和TBPH代谢的物种特异性。 TBB由the鱼，鲤鱼（鲤）和小鼠（小家鼠，野生型）代谢。但不在鳄龟（Chelydra serpentina serpentina）中。所有检查的物种均表现出TBPH降低，但是没有可观察到的代谢物，这表明使用这些技术可能无法有效地提取某些代谢物。使用加利福尼亚黑worm（Lumbriculus variegatus）和尺虫（Chironomus tentans）在28天内评估了沉积物中TBB和TBPH的生物蓄积性。黑worm中TBB和TBPH的生物沉积物积累因子值小于先前报道的五溴二苯醚的含量，五溴二苯醚是这些FiremasterRTM化学品替代的阻燃剂。在chironomids中，TBB的生物蓄积量大于TBPH。这些结果表明，生物累积可能是重要的运输途径，因为拟南芥以蝇类的形式出现，因此从水生环境中运输了TBB。总之，这项工作证明了FiremasterRTM 550的组件能够在水生生物中进行生物蓄积，代谢和不利影响。未来的研究将需要集中在暴露于与环境相关浓度的TBB和TBPH中所产生的影响，进一步阐明它们的代谢以及评估受污染的新兴昆虫对鸟类的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bearr, Jonathan Shepherd.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland, Baltimore.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland, Baltimore.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Environmental Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 217 p.
  • 总页数 217
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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