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The chemical ecology of watermilfoil-weevil interactions.

机译：水乳-象鼻相互作用的化学生态学。

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摘要

The watermilfoils northern watermilfoil, Myriophyllum sibiricum Komorov, and Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L., are closely related species that are also chemically and morphologically similar. It is likely the chemical similarities have contributed to the host-range expansion of the milfoil weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei Dietz, from its native host, northern watermilfoil, to the nonindigenous Eurasian watermilfoil. However, chemical differences among these plants may have influenced the weevil's greater preference for, and shorter development times and higher survival rates on, Eurasian watermilfoil. I studied the nutritive and defensive chemical profiles of Eurasian and northern watermilfoils that affected the milfoil weevil's preference and performance. Weevil preference for Eurasian watermilfoil was characterized through bioassay-driven fractionation. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were used to identify the attractive components of Eurasian watermilfoil exudates as glycerol and uracil. This is the first identification of host plant attractants from an aquatic macrophyte. The fecundity of the milfoil weevil on Eurasian and northern watermilfoils was characterized in terms of the weevil's ovipositional preference and physiological response to host plant quality. Weevils reared on Eurasian watermilfoil laid more eggs than weevils reared on northern watermilfoil. Weevil preference for Eurasian watermilfoil occurred immediately upon exposure to it; however female preference for Eurasian watermilfoil was affected by host plant quality. When Eurasian and northern watermilfoil were more similar chemically, the weevil's preference for Eurasian watermilfoil decreased. Eurasian watermilfoil had higher concentrations of carbon, polyphenols and lignin, whereas northern watermilfoil had a higher concentration of ash. Chemical composition of Eurasian watermilfoil was affected by sediment type and season. The weevil's attraction to Eurasian watermilfoil and its reduced performance on northern watermilfoil are significant factors in the weevil's host range expansion to Eurasian watermilfoil. Higher concentrations of polyphenols and lignin in Eurasian relative to northern watermilfoil defend against generalist herbivores and competitors, but are not deterrent to the specialist weevil, E. lecontei.
机译：北方的水田豆类（Myriophyllum sibiricum Komorov）和欧亚的水田豆类（Myriophyllum spicatum L.）是密切相关的物种，它们在化学和形态上也相似。化学上的相似性很可能导致了银杏象鼻虫（Euhrychiopsis lecontei Dietz）从其原生寄主北方水母到非本地欧亚水母的寄主范围扩展。但是，这些植物之间的化学差异可能影响了象鼻虫对欧亚水母的更大偏爱，较短的发育时间和较高的成活率。我研究了影响欧陆象鼻象鼻的喜好和性能的欧亚和北方水翼螺的营养和防御化学特征。象鼻虫偏爱欧亚水乳白的特征是通过生物测定驱动的分馏来进行。质谱法和NMR光谱法用于鉴定欧亚水乳清分泌物的引诱成分，如甘油和尿嘧啶。这是从水生大型植物中首次鉴定出宿主植物引诱剂。根据象鼻虫的产卵喜好和对寄主植物品质的生理反应，来表征欧亚大陆和北方水禽上的lf叶象鼻虫的繁殖力。在欧亚水母上饲养的象鼻虫比在北部水母上饲养的象鼻虫产卵更多。象鼻虫在接触欧亚水母后立即出现喜好；然而，寄主植物的品质影响了女性对欧亚水乳木的偏好。当欧亚和北方水乳在化学上更相似时，象鼻虫对欧亚水乳的偏好降低。欧亚水乳木果中的碳，多酚和木质素浓度较高，而北部水乳木果中的灰分浓度较高。欧亚水乳白质的化学成分受沉积物类型和季节的影响。象鼻虫对欧亚水母的吸引力及其对北部水母的降低表现是象鼻虫向欧亚水母扩展范围的重要因素。相对于北方水乳木地区，欧亚大陆中多酚和木质素的浓度较高，可以防御各种食草动物和竞争者的侵袭，但并不能阻止象鼻虫E. lecontei的专长。

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  • 作者

    Marko, Michelle Dawn.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Limnology.; Biology Entomology.; Biology Botany.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 180 p.
  • 总页数 180
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;昆虫学;植物学;
  • 关键词

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