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Investigation of the effect of dissolved salts, soil layers, and wind on the evaporation rate of water on Mars.

机译：研究溶解盐，土壤层和风对火星上水蒸发速率的影响。

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Laboratory simulation experiments have been performed to study the stability of water under martian conditions. The first chapter of this thesis is a background introduction into the history of Mars and a description of the evidence for past and present water on Mars. The second chapter describes experiments that were performed on low concentration brine solutions, but were never published. The rest of the thesis is submitted in thesis by publication format. Chapters three and four were published in Geophysical Research Letters and chapter five has been submitted to Mars Polar Science Special Edition of Icarus.; The experiments described in this thesis were performed in the planetary simulation chamber in the W.M. Keck Laboratory for Space Simulations at the Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences. By simulating the conditions on Mars, with the exception of the gravitational constant, we are able to accurately measure the evaporation and sublimation of water and water ice.; We measured the evaporation rates of low concentrations of a sodium chloride brine solution, the effect of temperature on eutectic solutions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride brines, the effect of a soil layer on the sublimation rate of ice, and the effect of wind on the sublimation of ice. The results for the evaporation of brine solutions and the results for the sublimation of ice under a soil layer agree very well with theoretical calculations using Fick's Law of Diffusion, as put forth by A.P. Ingersoll and C.B. Farmer, respectively. In contrast, the sublimation rate of ice under varied wind velocities did not agree with previous theory. Therefore, a new theoretical model was developed in order to accurately describe the effect of increasing wind velocity on sublimation rates. The new theoretical model agreed extremely well with experimental data.; In performing these experiments, we are better able to understand the behavior of water under martian condition and can be used to determine under what conditions liquid water could exist and how long it would survive under the current environment on Mars. The implications relate to the formation of geologic features such as gullies and the possibility of life on Mars.
机译：已经进行了实验室模拟实验以研究火星条件下水的稳定性。本文的第一章是对火星历史的背景介绍，并描述了火星上过去和现在的水的证据。第二章介绍了在低浓度盐水溶液中进行的实验，但从未公开。论文的其余部分以论文发表的形式提交。第三章和第四章发表在《地球物理研究快报》上，第五章已经提交给伊卡洛斯的火星极地科学特别版。本文所描述的实验是在W.M.的行星模拟室中进行的。位于阿肯色州空间与行星科学中心的Keck空间模拟实验室。通过模拟火星上的条件，除了重力常数，我们能够准确地测量水和水冰的蒸发和升华。我们测量了低浓度氯化钠盐溶液的蒸发速率，温度对氯化钠和氯化钙盐溶液的低共熔溶液的影响，土壤层对冰升华速率的影响以及风对冰层升华的影响。冰的升华。盐溶液的蒸发结果和土壤层下冰的升华结果与分别由A.P. Ingersoll和C.B. Farmer提出的使用菲克扩散定律的理论计算非常吻合。相反，在不同风速下冰的升华速率与先前的理论不一致。因此，为了准确描述风速增加对升华率的影响，开发了一个新的理论模型。新的理论模型与实验数据非常吻合。在进行这些实验时，我们能够更好地了解火星条件下水的行为，并可以用来确定液态水在什么条件下可以存在以及在当前火星环境下可以生存多长时间。其含义与诸如沟壑等地质特征的形成以及火星上生命的可能性有关。

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