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Co-existence in phytoplankton: An examination of Hutchinson's solutions to the 'paradox of the plankton'.

机译：浮游植物的共存：检查哈钦森针对“浮游生物悖论”的解决方案。

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摘要

The "Paradox of the Plankton" was the response of Hutchinson (1961) to the apparent violation of the Principle of Competitive Exclusion in phytoplankton communities. One explanation for phytoplankton associations was that communities exist in a perpetual nonequilibrium and competition is never allowed to proceed to exclusion. However, current ecological theory argues that disturbance does not preclude the importance of niche differences among species, including those that involve competitive processes. I collected phytoplankton and limnological data over the winter mixing period in two monomictic reservoirs to determine if niche differences between species are relevant during mixing. I used ordination to assess the importance of environmental parameters to species abundance patterns, and then evaluated the significance of changes in abundance along ecological gradients versus neutral theory, which assumes niche differences are irrelevant to community assembly. Two flagellate species displayed different abundance patterns, where one was more abundant during deep mixing and high nutrient concentrations, while the other was favored under slight water column stability and relatively lower phosphorus concentrations. Also, the abundance of four large diatom species was distinct along axes that were described by light availability and mixing intensity. The abundance of all species was significantly outside of the predictions of neutral theory. These results emphasize that non-neutral niche differences are relevant to community assembly and suggest that competitive processes cannot be ignored during disturbance.; Hutchinson also noted that the paradox may be "specious" and the lake environment is less homogenous than it appears. I used subsets of an extensive phytoplankton dataset to evaluate the effect of local sampling scale on the recognition of phytoplankton species abundance maxima and co-occurrence. Reduction of temporal or spatial scale resulted in considerable departures in the identification of abundance maxima for some species and created the illusion of coincident peaks in abundance between species. In addition, the use of presence/absence data and reduced sample scales created the appearance of co-occurrence between two species that in reality exhibited overlapping, but distinct, distributions. These results suggest caution in using phytoplankton associations as ecological indicators.
机译：Hutchinson（1961）对浮游植物群落中明显违反竞争排斥原则的反应是“浮游生物的悖论”。对浮游植物协会的一种解释是，社区长期处于不平衡状态，而且竞争从未被排除在外。但是，当前的生态学理论认为，干扰并不能排除物种间生态位差异的重要性，包括那些涉及竞争过程的生态位差异。我在冬季混合期收集了两个单体水库中的浮游植物和湖泊学数据，以确定混合期间物种之间的生态位差异是否相关。我使用排序来评估环境参数对物种丰度模式的重要性，然后评估了生态梯度与中性理论之间的差异，其生态位差异与群落组装无关。两种鞭毛虫物种表现出不同的丰度模式，其中一种在深层混合过程中含量较高，且养分浓度较高，而另一种在水柱稳定性较低且磷浓度相对较低的情况下受到青睐。此外，沿光利用率和混合强度描述的轴，四种大型硅藻物种的丰度也不同。所有物种的丰度明显超出中立理论的预测范围。这些结果强调，非中性的生态位差异与社区集会有关，并表明在骚扰期间竞争过程不可忽视。哈钦森还指出，这种悖论可能是“似是而非的”，并且湖泊环境的均匀性不如看起来的均匀。我使用了一个广泛的浮游植物数据集的子集来评估局部采样规模对浮游植物物种丰度最大值和共生识别的影响。时间或空间尺度的减小导致对某些物种的丰度最大值的识别出现了明显的偏离，并造成了物种之间丰度重合峰的错觉。另外，使用存在/不存在的数据和减少样本规模使两个物种在实际表现出重叠但独特的分布的同时出现。这些结果表明在使用浮游植物协会作为生态指标时要谨慎。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bowles, Elizabeth Davis.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.$bIntegrative Biology.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.$bIntegrative Biology.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Limnology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 98 p.
  • 总页数 98
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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