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An Examination of the Fate, Transport, and Occurrence of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in Wastewater Treatment Systems.

机译：阿托伐他汀和辛伐他汀在废水处理系统中的命运，运输和发生情况的检查。

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摘要

An examination of the sorption mechanisms of the two most common cholesterol-lowering drugs, atorvastatin and simvastatin to the primary clarifier biosolids found in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was conducted. Both of these drugs are highly prescribed and have a large fraction of the consumed drug excreted. Research findings show that only about 10% of these two drug compounds will sorb to the solids entering a wastewater treatment plant, with the remainder passing to the aerobic basins for biodegradation by activated sludge bacteria.;The rate and extent of biodegradation by wastewater treatment plant bacteria was also examined as part of this investigation using both a batch and a continuous-flow configuration. These experiments show an apparent cometabolic rate of biodegradation, indicating that the rate is primarily dependent on the amount of bacterial food sources present. Data also allow for an estimate on the percent removed by biodegradation based on the average time spent in an aerobic biodegradation basin at a wastewater treatment plant.;Along with fundamental investigations into the fate and transport of two statin drug compounds, this research included the development and application of a model to estimate prescription pharmaceutical loadings to and releases from wastewater treatment plants. A mass-balance, population-centric approach was taken, and national databases on drug prescription rates, average daily doses, and metabolic excretion rates were used to develop the model. The model was also coupled with two models developed by the U.S. EPA to estimate percent removal by wastewater treatment plants and the impact on aquatic organisms for the top 150 prescription drugs and the potential impacts on a range of wastewater treatment plants in Virginia.;The final component of this investigation involved obtaining sampling data throughout the past year at two wastewater treatment plants in the state of Virginia, one in Charlottesville and one in Blacksburg. Ten different drug compounds were tested, and found present in wastewater entering the treatment plants. A demographic analysis was also conducted by sampling at both plants in the middle of January, first when undergraduate students were on break, and again two weeks later, after all the students had returned.
机译：考察了两种最常见的降胆固醇药物阿托伐他汀和辛伐他汀对市政污水处理厂发现的主要澄清剂生物固体的吸附机理。这两种药物都经过严格处方，并且消耗的药物中有很大一部分被排泄。研究结果表明，这两种药物中只有约10％会吸附进入废水处理厂的固体，其余的则通过需氧污泥通过活性污泥细菌进行生物降解。;废水处理厂的生物降解速度和程度作为该研究的一部分，还使用分批和连续流动配置对细菌进行了检查。这些实验显示出明显的生物降解速率，表明速率主要取决于细菌食物来源的数量。数据还可以根据废水处理厂在需氧生物降解池中平均花费的时间来估算生物降解去除的百分比。伴随着对两种他汀类药物化合物的命运和运输的基础研究，本研究包括在模型中的应用，以估算处方药向废水处理厂的负荷和从废水处理厂释放的负荷。采取了以人群为中心的质量平衡方法，并使用了有关药物处方率，平均日剂量和代谢排泄率的国家数据库来开发该模型。该模型还与美国环境保护署开发的两个模型结合在一起，用于估算废水处理厂的去除率以及前150种处方药对水生生物的影响以及对弗吉尼亚州一系列废水处理厂的潜在影响。这项调查的组成部分涉及在过去一年中在弗吉尼亚州的两家废水处理厂，夏洛茨维尔的一家废水处理厂和布莱克斯堡的一家污水处理厂获取采样数据。测试了十种不同的药物化合物，发现它们进入处理厂的废水中。还通过在1月中旬对这两家工厂进行抽样进行了人口统计分析，首先是当本科生休息时，然后是两周后，在所有学生都返回之后。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ottmar, Karl Joseph.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Virginia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Virginia.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 188 p.
  • 总页数 188
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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