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Methanogens and Martian natural resources: Investigations regarding the possibility of biogenic methane on Mars.

机译：产甲烷菌和火星自然资源：关于火星上生物甲烷的可能性的调查。

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摘要

Archaeal methanogens were suggested as terrestrial models of possible subsurface martian microbial life prior to the actual detection of methane in Mars' atmosphere. This idea gained even more interest after the methane on Mars was observed. However, the amount of methane detected was very small, and release of methane was localized and episodic. This led some scientists to doubt that an active or ancient biosphere could be the source of the methane. Moreover, even extremophilic methanogens have not been shown to metabolize in conditions exactly analogous to those known to be available on Mars. The following chapters present a realistic and viable mechanism that allows a large or ancient biosphere to be the original source of the observed methane, and they detail experimental work that was done in order to systematically investigate nutritional and conditional variables related to those that might be available in the martian subsurface. The results of the experimental work indicate that some components of Mars' regolith can support methanogenic metabolism without being detrimental to the organisms, and that certain known components of Mars' regolith can promote periods of methanogenic dormancy without being lethal to the methanogens. The results of the experimental studies also show that material known to exist at and near Mars' surface has the potential to supply electrons for biological methanogenesis and that methanogenic metabolism can occur even when artificial media, buffers, and reductants are omitted in order to create more Mars-relevant conditions. These findings may have implications regarding the viability of methanogenic organisms as a source of the observed methane and should assist future efforts to study methanogenic metabolism in conditions exactly analogous to those available in niches on Mars.
机译：在实际检测到火星大气中的甲烷之前，建议使用古生的产甲烷菌作为地下火星微生物生命的陆地模型。在观察到火星上的甲烷后，这个想法引起了更多兴趣。但是，检测到的甲烷量很小，甲烷的释放是局部的并且是偶发的。这导致一些科学家怀疑活跃的或古老的生物圈可能是甲烷的来源。此外，甚至没有极端嗜热的产甲烷菌在与火星上已知的条件完全相似的条件下也没有代谢。以下各章介绍了一种现实可行的机制，该机制使大型或古老的生物圈成为观测到的甲烷的原始来源，并详细介绍了为系统地研究与可能存在的变量有关的营养和条件变量而进行的实验工作在火星表面。实验工作的结果表明，火星重块岩的某些成分可以支持产甲烷代谢而不会损害生物体，并且火星重块岩的某些已知成分可以促进产甲烷休眠期而不会致死产甲烷菌。实验研究的结果还表明，已知存在于火星表面及其附近的物质具有为生物甲烷生成提供电子的潜力，即使省略了人工培养基，缓冲液和还原剂以产生更多的甲烷，也可能发生甲烷生成代谢与火星有关的条件。这些发现可能会对产甲烷生物作为甲烷来源的生存能力产生影响，并应有助于进一步研究在类似于火星生态位的条件下研究产甲烷代谢的工作。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chastain, Brendon Kelly.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Biology Microbiology.;Planetology.;Geobiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 145 p.
  • 总页数 145
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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