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Development of the adolescent prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala and the effects of puberty and alcohol exposure.

机译：青春期前额叶皮层和基底外侧杏仁核的发育以及青春期和酒精暴露的影响。

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摘要

Human structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that some neural regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala continue to develop throughout adolescence into early adulthood. These studies have specifically shown that the volume of the PFC increases until puberty and then decreases until early adulthood. By contrast, the amygdala has been shown to increase in volume through the adolescent period. Using the rat as a model of these changes, our laboratory has previously found that both of these structures show a decreasein the number of neuronsbetween postnatal day (P) 35 and P90, the equivalent adolescent period in the rat(Markham et al, 2007; Rubinow and Juraska, 2009). The studies described here were designed to further elucidate neuroanatomical changes in the brain during the adolescent period as well as investigate how intrinsic and extrinsic factors may disrupt this development. In chapter 2, adolescents and adults were compared in a behavioral task dependent on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Adolescents were able to perform the task. On certain delays (15s and 30s), however, they were consistently worse than adults indicating that behavior that depends on the mPFC is not yet at adult levels. To identify further neuroanatomical changes in the mPFC and the basolateral amygdala (BLA),dendritic arborizationsand dendritic spines were analyzed in chapter 3. These studies indicated a growth of dendrites and dendritic spines between P20 and P35 (prepuberty) in both sexes as well as both structures. After P35, the dendrites of the mPFC were shown to prune predominately in females, whereas in the BLA,dendrites slightly increased in length but significantly increased in the number of branches in both sexes.During this period of neuroanatomical change,adolescent rats were exposed to alcohol in a binge-like manner and then sacrificed in adulthood to quantify the number of neurons and glia. Results reported in chapter 4 revealed no significant differences in the total number of neurons in the mPFC. However there was a significant decrease in glia that occurred in the male mPFC. No differences were found in any measure in the BLA. In chapter 5, pubertal hormones were removed by ovariectomizing or castrating animals prior to puberty. Results showed that removal of the testes caused no effects in males but there were changes in the number of neurons and glia in females. It was found that females without ovaries during puberty had more neurons and a greater number of glia, thus eliminating sex differences. Taken together these experimentsreveal further neuroanatomical changes in the mPFC and the BLA. Furthermore they highlight how pubertal hormones are involved in the adolescent development of the mPFC and the cellular effects of alcohol use within the adolescent period.
机译：人类结构磁共振成像（MRI）研究表明，某些神经区域，例如前额叶皮层（PFC）和杏仁核在整个青春期持续发展到成年初期。这些研究已明确表明，PFC的量一直增加到青春期，然后下降直到成年初期。相比之下，杏仁核已显示在整个青春期体积增加。使用大鼠作为这些变化的模型，我们的实验室先前已经发现，这两种结构都显示出出生后第35天到P90（相当于大鼠的青春期）之间神经元数量的减少（Markham等，2007； 2007）。 Rubinow和Juraska，2009年）。这里描述的研究旨在进一步阐明青春期大脑的神经解剖学变化，并研究内在和外在因素如何破坏这种发展。在第2章中，比较了青少年和成人在取决于内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）的行为任务中的行为。青少年能够执行任务。但是，在某些延迟（15s和30s）上，它们始终比成人差，表明依赖mPFC的行为尚未达到成人水平。为了进一步鉴定mPFC和基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）的神经解剖学变化，在第3章中分析了树突状乔化和树突棘。这些研究表明，P20和P35（青春期）之间的树突和树突棘均有生长，并且男女双方都如此。结构。在P35之后，mPFC的树突主要在雌性中修剪，而在BLA中，两个性别的树突的长度略有增加，但分支数量明显增加。在这段神经解剖变化期间，青春期大鼠暴露于以暴饮暴食的方式饮酒，然后在成年时牺牲以量化神经元和神经胶质的数量。第4章报告的结果表明，mPFC中神经元总数没有显着差异。但是，雄性mPFC中的胶质细胞明显减少。在BLA中，任何措施均未发现差异。在第5章中，在青春期前通过切除卵巢或cast割动物来去除青春期激素。结果表明，去除睾丸对男性没有影响，但是女性神经元和神经胶质细胞的数量却发生了变化。发现在青春期没有卵巢的女性具有更多的神经元和更多的神经胶质，从而消除了性别差异。这些实验合起来揭示了mPFC和BLA中进一步的神经解剖学变化。此外，它们还强调了青春期激素如何参与mPFC的青春期发育以及在青春期饮​​酒的细胞作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Koss, Wendy Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Psychology Physiological.;Biology Neuroscience.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 116 p.
  • 总页数 116
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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