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首页> 外文学位 >Fate or Opportunity? Impact of Family Background on Household Welfare in Rural China.
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Fate or Opportunity? Impact of Family Background on Household Welfare in Rural China.

机译：命运还是机会？家庭背景对中国农村家庭福利的影响。

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摘要

This dissertation consists of two essays on household welfare in rural China as it has evolved during the post-reform era.;The first essay presents evidence on intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in Rural China from 1988 to 2002 using data from two rounds of the Chinese Household Income Project. To understand whether the estimated intergenerational persistence is driven solely by unobserved heterogeneity, I implement biprobit sensitivity analysis (Altonji et al. (2005)) and heteroskedasticity based identification approach of Klein and Vella (2009). The empirical results show that there have been dramatic improvements in occupational mobility from agriculture to non-farm occupations. While there was significant persistence in occupational choices across generations in 1988, this occupational persistence had virtually disappeared by 2002. In contrast, intergenerational mobility in educational attainment remained largely unchanged for daughters and deteriorated significantly for sons. There is strong evidence of a causal effect of parental education on a son's schooling in 2002. I provide some possible explanations for the dramatic divergence between occupational and educational mobility in rural China from 1988 to 2002.;China has maintained "one-party rule" in its political structure during rapid economic expansion. In the second essay, I examine the magnitude of economic returns to political connections of rural households, where households are defined as having a political connection if a member is a village cadre or is a Communist Party member. I examine whether returns to political connection changed over from 1988 to 2002 and whether the sources of returns derived from increases in agricultural or from non-agricultural income. The empirical analysis uses a recently developed econometric approach by Klein and Vella (2009) that corrects for unobserved variables affecting both household income and political status. I find that measurement error causes a considerable downward bias in the OLS estimates. When using IV estimation with the Klein and Vella (2009) approach, the resulting estimates for the returns to political connection are all considerably higher than those from the OLS. The empirical analysis finds that political connections in rural China yielded increased returns as a market economy expanded, which contradicts the "Market Transition" theory. Although the returns of political connection were positive and statistically significant in both years, the source of political power differed in 1988 and 2002. In 1988, the return to political connection came from its benefit to agricultural production; in 2002 political connection led to more profitable off-farm opportunities.
机译：本文由两篇关于改革后中国农村家庭福利的论文组成。第一篇论文利用两轮中国人的数据提供了1988年至2002年中国农村代际教育和职业流动的证据。家庭收入项目。为了了解估计的代际持久性是否仅由未观察到的异质性驱动，我实施了双概率敏感性分析（Altonji等人（2005））以及基于异方差性的Klein和Vella（2009）的识别方法。实证结果表明，从农业到非农职业的职业流动性已有显着改善。 1988年，各代人在职业选择上存在着显着的持久性，但到2002年，这种职业上的坚韧性实际上消失了。相反，女儿的代际流动性在很大程度上没有改变，而儿子的显着恶化。有强有力的证据表明，父母的教育对2002年儿子的学业具有因果关系。我为1988年至2002年中国农村的职业和教育流动性之间的巨大差异提供了一些可能的解释。；中国一直保持“一党制”在快速的经济扩张中保持其政治结构。在第二篇文章中，我研究了农村家庭政治联系的经济回报程度，其中将农村成员定义为具有村干部或共产党员身份的家庭具有政治联系。我研究了从1988年到2002年之间政治联系的回报是否发生了变化，以及回报的来源是否来自农业收入的增长或来自非农业收入的增长。实证分析使用了Klein和Vella（2009）最近开发的计量经济学方法，该方法校正了影响家庭收入和政治地位的未观察变量。我发现测量误差会导致OLS估算值出现明显的向下偏差。当使用Klein和Vella（2009）方法进行IV估计时，对政治联系收益的最终估计值都大大高于OLS的估计值。实证分析发现，随着市场经济的发展，中国农村地区的政治联系产生了更高的回报，这与“市场转型”理论相矛盾。尽管在过去的两年中政治联系的回报都是积极的并具有统计意义，但在1988年和2002年，政治权力的来源是不同的。1988年，政治联系的回报来自其对农业生产的收益； 2002年，政治联系带来了更多有利可图的非农机会。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sun, Yan.;

  • 作者单位

    The George Washington University.;

  • 授予单位 The George Washington University.;
  • 学科 Economics Labor.;Sociology Public and Social Welfare.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 121 p.
  • 总页数 121
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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